Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Paraguay 2009
Metadata & use
| Identifier | https://doi.org/10.60966/8zijeyf0 |
|---|---|
| License | Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 IGO |
| Related Knowledge Product | |
| Citation |
Cicowiez, M., et al. (2015). Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Paraguay 2009. IDB Open Data. https://doi.org/10.60966/8zijeyf0 |
| Published date | 2015-11-13 |
| Modified date | 2026-08-26 |
| Tags/Keywords | General Equilibrium · National Accounts · Social Accounting Matrix |
| Language |
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| Temporal coverage | 2009-2009 |
| Country |
Paraguay
|
| Region | Latin America and the Caribbean |
| Publisher |
Inter-American Development Bank
|
| Author |
Cicowiez, M.
Santander, H.
Inter-American Development Bank
|
| Data collection type | Administrative Data |
| Statistical type | Cross-sectional Data |
| Data structure | Structured Data |
| Data notes |
What is the Paraguay Social Accounting Matrix (SAM)?The Paraguay Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) 2009 is a comprehensive dataset that captures the structure of Paraguay’s economy in a single, consistent framework. It records income and expenditure flows between production sectors, households, government, and the rest of the world — allowing researchers to analyze how changes in one area affect others. What does the dataset include?The dataset contains a square matrix of 119 accounts representing:
- Production activities such as agriculture, livestock, forestry, and industry Each cell in the matrix reflects monetary flows between these accounts, providing the foundation for macroeconomic modeling and policy simulation. How can this dataset be used for economic analysis?The SAM supports a range of economic modeling applications, including:
- General Equilibrium Models (CGE) for policy impact analysis What period does the SAM cover?The SAM represents the Paraguayan economy in 2009, capturing all production, consumption, and institutional relationships for that year. Who developed the Paraguay SAM 2009?The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) developed this dataset in collaboration with Paraguay’s economic research institutions, ensuring methodological consistency with other Latin American Social Accounting Matrices (LAC-SAM). What are some key sectors represented in the SAM?Key activities include:
- Agriculture: crops, livestock, forestry, and fishing How can policymakers and researchers use this data?The SAM is useful for:
- Analyzing the structure of Paraguay’s economy and its intersectoral relationships What are the dataset’s limitations?
What is the most recent Social Accounting Matrix available for Paraguay?The most recent SAM published for Paraguay is for the year 2009, constructed with 37 activities and 51 products. It was developed by Cicowiez and Santander (2015) and is openly available through the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Open Data portal. What is the definition and components of a Social Accounting Matrix for the Paraguayan economy?A Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is a comprehensive, economy-wide dataset that records all transactions between production activities, factors of production, institutions (households, government), and the rest of the world. Paraguay’s 2009 SAM includes disaggregated accounts for agriculture, livestock, manufacturing, services, households, government, and external trade. How are Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models used with Paraguay's SAM?CGE models use the SAM as a benchmark dataset to simulate policy shocks. For Paraguay, the 2009 SAM provides the base structure for analyzing trade liberalization, fiscal reforms, or sectoral changes, ensuring consistency with national accounts and household survey data. What is the impact of agricultural sector fluctuations on Paraguay's GDP in SAM analysis?Agriculture is a dominant activity in Paraguay’s SAM. The 2009 matrix shows large value flows from crops like soy and livestock into household incomes and exports. Fluctuations in these accounts directly affect GDP, with multiplier effects on rural households and government revenues. Why is a Social Accounting Matrix necessary for evaluating poverty reduction in Paraguay?The SAM links production activities to household income quintiles. This allows policymakers to trace how shocks—such as commodity price changes or tax reforms—affect different income groups, making it a critical tool for poverty reduction strategies. How is informal labor captured in the construction of the Paraguay SAM?The 2009 SAM includes factor accounts for labor, which combine formal and informal employment. Household survey data from INE were used to allocate wages and self-employment income, ensuring that informal labor and subsistence farming are represented in the matrix. Input-Output tables focus only on inter-industry transactions. The SAM expands this by including households, government, capital accounts, and the rest of the world. In Paraguay’s case, the SAM integrates fiscal flows, transfers, and factor incomes, making it more suitable for distributional and policy analysis. How is disaggregation of household income quintiles in the Paraguay Social Accounting Matrix?Households are disaggregated into income-based quintiles. This allows analysts to examine how shocks to agriculture, manufacturing, or services affect poorer versus wealthier households. What is the status of the mapping of hydroelectric power exports in the Paraguayan Social Accounting Matrix?Hydroelectric power (from Itaipu and Yacyretá) appears under the electricity and water activity (a-electagua) and the rest of the world (row) account. The SAM records exports of these entities as flows to the government and capital accounts, reflecting their importance to Paraguay’s external balance. |