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Replication Data for: The Role of Pension Systems in Retirement across Development

This dataset contains the code and associated data for "The Role of Pension Systems in Retirement across Development". Using census microdata from 78 countries, we study how pension systems shape labor supply at older ages. While male employment rates are similar in midlife, they diverge sharply later in life: by age 75, 54% of men remain employed in low-income countries compared with 8% in high-income ones, with even larger gaps among those with lower education. Patterns for women are similar. Exploiting variation in retirement ages and pension coverage, we find that a 10-percentage-point increase in coverage reduces post-retirement employment by 2.1 percentage points. Limited pension access keeps many lower-educated workers from retiring, driving global disparities in old-age employment.

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Metadata & use

Identifier https://doi.org/10.60966/1fagcu7w
License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Published date 2026-01-23
Modified date 2026-06-11
Tags/Keywords late-life labor supply · old-age pension systems · statutory retirement age · early retirement age · effective old-age · pension coverage · development
Language
  1. English
Temporal coverage 2000-2019
Country
Argentina
Armenia
Canada
Switzerland
Chile
Cameroon
Colombia
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
Spain
Austria
Ethiopia
Fiji
France
Ghana
Guinea
Greece
Guatemala
Honduras
Haiti
Hungary
Benin
Indonesia
Ireland
Iran
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Jordan
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Cambodia
Burkina Faso
Laos
Lesotho
Morocco
Mexico
Mali
Myanmar (Burma)
Mongolia
Mozambique
Mauritius
Malawi
Bangladesh
Malaysia
Nicaragua
Nepal
Panama
Peru
Papua New Guinea
Poland
Puerto Rico
Portugal
Paraguay
Belarus
Russia
Rwanda
Sudan
Senegal
Sierra Leone
El Salvador
Togo
Trinidad & Tobago
Türkiye
Tanzania
Bolivia
Uganda
Ukraine
Uruguay
United States
Vietnam
South Africa
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Brazil
Botswana
Publisher
Inter-American Development Bank
Author
Bosch, Mariano
Rojas, Paola
Data collection type Administrative Data
Data structure Structured Data

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