Out-of-pocket expenditure, as a percentage of GDP, estimates the direct healthcare expenses incurred by households in each country. It calculates the proportion of out-of-pocket spending in relation to the total current healthcare expenditure. Out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure is defined as any expenses incurred by a household when a member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term, or palliative) provided by any type of healthcare provider for any type of illness, condition, or health issue, in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, or at home). Source: World Health Organization's Global Health Expenditure Database.