{"help": "https://data.iadb.org/fr/api/3/action/help_show?name=datastore_search", "success": true, "result": {"include_total": false, "limit": 100, "records_format": "objects", "resource_id": "213e0e14-64eb-4afa-a1cc-2002199a4ad0", "total_estimation_threshold": null, "last_id_operator": "gt", "records": [{"_id":1,"intervention_category":"Behavior-based","intervention_category_description":"Behavior-based interventions concentrate on behavioral patterns that may be likely to trigger violence. The main objective of those interventions is to discourage and change such behaviors, through deterrence, diversion, directed-assistance or increased awareness. Examples include focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets (\"pulling levers\") and targeted gang-prevention programs, violence interruption (\"cure violence\") programs and firearms control and regulation enforcement, among others.","intervention":"Drug-related crimes and violence prevention, deterrance, and control programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different types of intervention aimed at addressing drug markets, drug trafficking and other drug-related crimes. This category includes the following types of intervention: Focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets, and Street-level drug law enforcement.","intervention_subtype":"Drug Resistance Education Programs (DARE)","intervention_subtype_description":"The \"Drug Abuse Resistance Education\" (D.A.R.E.) is a type of intervention, originated and highly popular in the United States, in which police officers visit schools to warn children that drugs are harmful and should be avoided and refused when offered. These visits organize lectures that usually combine multiple components. In Brazil, this approach has been advanced through the Programa Educacional de Resistência às Drogas e à Violência (PROERD)."},{"_id":2,"intervention_category":"Behavior-based","intervention_category_description":"Behavior-based interventions concentrate on behavioral patterns that may be likely to trigger violence. The main objective of those interventions is to discourage and change such behaviors, through deterrence, diversion, directed-assistance or increased awareness. Examples include focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets (\"pulling levers\") and targeted gang-prevention programs, violence interruption (\"cure violence\") programs and firearms control and regulation enforcement, among others.","intervention":"Drug-related crimes and violence prevention, deterrance, and control programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different types of intervention aimed at addressing drug markets, drug trafficking and other drug-related crimes. This category includes the following types of intervention: Focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets, and Street-level drug law enforcement.","intervention_subtype":"Focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets","intervention_subtype_description":"This type of focused deterrence aims to reduce drug trafficking and related violence in specific communities. The strategy, known as \"drug market intervention,\" considers that the drug problem is linked to drug markets and involves integrated work between the police, the Public Prosecutor's Office, the Judiciary, and the Prison System, in addition to health services and social policies, combining deterrence with community mobilization."},{"_id":3,"intervention_category":"Behavior-based","intervention_category_description":"Behavior-based interventions concentrate on behavioral patterns that may be likely to trigger violence. The main objective of those interventions is to discourage and change such behaviors, through deterrence, diversion, directed-assistance or increased awareness. Examples include focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets (\"pulling levers\") and targeted gang-prevention programs, violence interruption (\"cure violence\") programs and firearms control and regulation enforcement, among others.","intervention":"Drug-related crimes and violence prevention, deterrance, and control programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different types of intervention aimed at addressing drug markets, drug trafficking and other drug-related crimes. This category includes the following types of intervention: Focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets, and Street-level drug law enforcement.","intervention_subtype":"Street-level drug law enforcement","intervention_subtype_description":"Police interventions aimed at suppressing street drug trafficking can involve two types of tactics: reactive and proactive. In the first case, police agencies suppress known drug sale points to reduce the use and availability of illicit drugs. This type of intervention involves raids, overt policing, and police investigation to arrest as many people involved in the illegal drug trade in a given territory. Proactive strategies may include problem-oriented policing (POP), community policing, and hotspot policing, among other proactive and preventive policing approaches."},{"_id":4,"intervention_category":"Behavior-based","intervention_category_description":"Behavior-based interventions concentrate on behavioral patterns that may be likely to trigger violence. The main objective of those interventions is to discourage and change such behaviors, through deterrence, diversion, directed-assistance or increased awareness. Examples include focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets (\"pulling levers\") and targeted gang-prevention programs, violence interruption (\"cure violence\") programs and firearms control and regulation enforcement, among others.","intervention":"Drug-related crimes and violence prevention, deterrance, and control programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different types of intervention aimed at addressing drug markets, drug trafficking and other drug-related crimes. This category includes the following types of intervention: Focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets, and Street-level drug law enforcement.","intervention_subtype":"DUI/DWI-focused policing","intervention_subtype_description":"Policing of alcohol consumption by drivers (DUI) aims to increase police presence (and/or visibility) to increase the perception and real risk of identification and arrest by the police of drivers driving under the influence of alcohol.  In some countries, such as Brazil, this act is generally considered involuntary manslaughter under criminal law. That is, it is a criminal offense in which someone’s death results from the offender’s actions due to negligence, lack of skill, or recklessness—even without intent to kill."},{"_id":5,"intervention_category":"Behavior-based","intervention_category_description":"Behavior-based interventions concentrate on behavioral patterns that may be likely to trigger violence. The main objective of those interventions is to discourage and change such behaviors, through deterrence, diversion, directed-assistance or increased awareness. Examples include focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets (\"pulling levers\") and targeted gang-prevention programs, violence interruption (\"cure violence\") programs and firearms control and regulation enforcement, among others.","intervention":"Strategies to regulate and curb firearm ownership and use","intervention_description":"This category combines regulatory measures and policing strategies that share the common goal of curbing circulation, deter the (mis)use, and discourage de acquisition of firearms to enhance overall public safety. Regulations include licensing, background checks, restrictions, and registration to limit access and ensure responsible ownership. Policing strategies target illegal possession and use through intelligence-led operations, hotspot enforcement, and disruption of supply.","intervention_subtype":"Enforcement of firearms regulation","intervention_subtype_description":"These are initiatives aimed at regulating and restricting civilian possession and carrying of firearms to reduce opportunities for \"motivated actors\" to access these weapons and thus reduce violent and lethal crime rates. Firstly, these initiatives can involve community strategies structured from a preventive character and a typical public health approach, which includes public campaigns and communication efforts to increase information, training, and promote the safe storage of firearms through campaigns and dissemination."},{"_id":6,"intervention_category":"Behavior-based","intervention_category_description":"Behavior-based interventions concentrate on behavioral patterns that may be likely to trigger violence. The main objective of those interventions is to discourage and change such behaviors, through deterrence, diversion, directed-assistance or increased awareness. Examples include focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets (\"pulling levers\") and targeted gang-prevention programs, violence interruption (\"cure violence\") programs and firearms control and regulation enforcement, among others.","intervention":"Strategies to regulate and curb firearm ownership and use","intervention_description":"This category combines regulatory measures and policing strategies that share the common goal of curbing circulation, deter the (mis)use, and discourage de acquisition of firearms to enhance overall public safety. Regulations include licensing, background checks, restrictions, and registration to limit access and ensure responsible ownership. Policing strategies target illegal possession and use through intelligence-led operations, hotspot enforcement, and disruption of supply.","intervention_subtype":"Firearms-focused policing","intervention_subtype_description":"Firearm-focused policing seeks to increase repression and seizure of illegal firearms. It can be implemented by a single agency or integrated among patrol, investigative, forensic, and intelligence units, targeting both groups specialized in arms robbery and individuals at high risk of armed violence. This type of intervention increases integration between different police agencies and contributes to the implementation of saturation strategies in micro-territories with high circulation of people with illegal firearms."},{"_id":7,"intervention_category":"Behavior-based","intervention_category_description":"Behavior-based interventions concentrate on behavioral patterns that may be likely to trigger violence. The main objective of those interventions is to discourage and change such behaviors, through deterrence, diversion, directed-assistance or increased awareness. Examples include focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets (\"pulling levers\") and targeted gang-prevention programs, violence interruption (\"cure violence\") programs and firearms control and regulation enforcement, among others.","intervention":"Public mobilization police strategies","intervention_description":"This category encompasses different initiatives related to communication practices and campaigns carried out by police agencies, whether for transparency purposes, to encourage changes in behavior and social mores to reduce risks and/or vulnerability to crime and violence, or to promote greater societal engagement and community participation in public safety promotion efforts and programs undertaken by police forces.","intervention_subtype":"Communication practices for law enforcement","intervention_subtype_description":"It includes the development and implementation of a communication strategy aimed at making security agencies communicate with the media (and the public in general) in a more professional manner, with the aim of fostering the promotion of legitimacy and citizen trust in these agencies, as well as their greater engagement in strategic actions to reduce and prevent crime and violence."},{"_id":8,"intervention_category":"Behavior-based","intervention_category_description":"Behavior-based interventions concentrate on behavioral patterns that may be likely to trigger violence. The main objective of those interventions is to discourage and change such behaviors, through deterrence, diversion, directed-assistance or increased awareness. Examples include focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets (\"pulling levers\") and targeted gang-prevention programs, violence interruption (\"cure violence\") programs and firearms control and regulation enforcement, among others.","intervention":"Tough-on-crime police strategies","intervention_description":"This category encompasses a set of \"mano dura\" policies that are implemented in response to problems associated with crime, violence and insecurity, with the objective of promoting a reduction in crime statistics and improving the sense of security through punitive deterrence. This type of strategy often includes initiatives associated with zero tolerance policing and aggressive policing strategies, the use of the \"stop, question and frisk\" approach, as well as policies to \"incapacitate\", arrest or neutralize the leaders of specific criminal groups (\"Kingpin strategy\").","intervention_subtype":"Stop, question, and frisk (SQF)","intervention_subtype_description":"Stop-question-and-frisk interventions, or \"stop-and-frisk,\" refer to a preventive practice in which police officers temporarily detain, interrogate, and search civilians and suspects on the streets for weapons, drugs, or other contraband items. This assumes that the police have a reasonable suspicion that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be committed by the suspect."},{"_id":9,"intervention_category":"Behavior-based","intervention_category_description":"Behavior-based interventions concentrate on behavioral patterns that may be likely to trigger violence. The main objective of those interventions is to discourage and change such behaviors, through deterrence, diversion, directed-assistance or increased awareness. Examples include focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets (\"pulling levers\") and targeted gang-prevention programs, violence interruption (\"cure violence\") programs and firearms control and regulation enforcement, among others.","intervention":"Tough-on-crime police strategies","intervention_description":"This category encompasses a set of \"mano dura\" policies that are implemented in response to problems associated with crime, violence and insecurity, with the objective of promoting a reduction in crime statistics and improving the sense of security through punitive deterrence. This type of strategy often includes initiatives associated with zero tolerance policing and aggressive policing strategies, the use of the \"stop, question and frisk\" approach, as well as policies to \"incapacitate\", arrest or neutralize the leaders of specific criminal groups (\"Kingpin strategy\").","intervention_subtype":"Zero tolerance policing","intervention_subtype_description":"Zero-tolerance policing (ZTP) is a strategy that either or both encompass: i. the application of relentless order maintenance and aggressive law enforcement with the aim to reduce minor offenses and misdemeanors; and/or, ii. addressing more serious crime through incapacitation techniques, related to, for instance, (un-targetted) arrests, increased incarceration and harsher legal punishments."},{"_id":10,"intervention_category":"Behavior-based","intervention_category_description":"Behavior-based interventions concentrate on behavioral patterns that may be likely to trigger violence. The main objective of those interventions is to discourage and change such behaviors, through deterrence, diversion, directed-assistance or increased awareness. Examples include focused deterrence targeting open-air drug markets (\"pulling levers\") and targeted gang-prevention programs, violence interruption (\"cure violence\") programs and firearms control and regulation enforcement, among others.","intervention":"Tough-on-crime police strategies","intervention_description":"This category encompasses a set of \"mano dura\" policies that are implemented in response to problems associated with crime, violence and insecurity, with the objective of promoting a reduction in crime statistics and improving the sense of security through punitive deterrence. This type of strategy often includes initiatives associated with zero tolerance policing and aggressive policing strategies, the use of the \"stop, question and frisk\" approach, as well as policies to \"incapacitate\", arrest or neutralize the leaders of specific criminal groups (\"Kingpin strategy\").","intervention_subtype":"Kingpin strategy against criminal groups","intervention_subtype_description":"The 'kingpin' strategy, also referred to as \"leadership removal\" strategy, focuses on dismantling criminal groups by apprehending and/or neutralizing their leaders. This strategy has long been at the heart of the War on Drugs, and assumes that 'cutting off the head of the snake' is the best way to incapacitate the body by incapacitating the management and leadership structures that enabled key activities including production, transportation, distribution and financial management."},{"_id":11,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Applied technologies for crime prevention/detection/clearance","intervention_description":"This category covers the application of innovative technologies with the objective of strengthening institutional capacity to optimize crime detection processes, increase efficiency and reduce response times and/or increase the effectiveness of initiatives aimed at preventing and solving crimes. The following types of interventions are included in this category: license plate readers/electronic fencing systems, video surveillance systems, gunshot detection technology, and real-time crime centers/fusion centers.","intervention_subtype":"Video surveillance systems (CCTV)","intervention_subtype_description":"The presence of criminal groups and gangs that systematically use violence and/or engage in criminal practices—as a way to resolve conflicts, dominate territories, or generate economic profit (e.g., drug trafficking, control of local economic activities, extortion, robbery)—is a significant factor in the prevalence of crime and violence. Territorial control by these groups often leads to rights violations and abuse, even in monopolized criminal markets."},{"_id":12,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Applied technologies for crime prevention/detection/clearance","intervention_description":"This category covers the application of innovative technologies with the objective of strengthening institutional capacity to optimize crime detection processes, increase efficiency and reduce response times and/or increase the effectiveness of initiatives aimed at preventing and solving crimes. The following types of interventions are included in this category: license plate readers/electronic fencing systems, video surveillance systems, gunshot detection technology, and real-time crime centers/fusion centers.","intervention_subtype":"License plate reader/electronic fencing systems","intervention_subtype_description":"It includes the implementation of electronic fencing systems through the installation of vehicle plate readers at all city entrances and exits and key points such as bridges and tolls. In addition to producing an alert when previously registered vehicles pass through, the system can generate intelligence analysis on the behavior of vehicle entries or exits in the city by cross-referencing this information with criminal occurrences to support the identification and tracking of vehicles used by criminals and identifying cloned vehicles."},{"_id":13,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Applied technologies for crime prevention/detection/clearance","intervention_description":"This category covers the application of innovative technologies with the objective of strengthening institutional capacity to optimize crime detection processes, increase efficiency and reduce response times and/or increase the effectiveness of initiatives aimed at preventing and solving crimes. The following types of interventions are included in this category: license plate readers/electronic fencing systems, video surveillance systems, gunshot detection technology, and real-time crime centers/fusion centers.","intervention_subtype":"Gunshot detection technology","intervention_subtype_description":"It concerns an audio monitoring system that detects gunfire. Various sensors are installed in a specific area of communities with high homicide and shooting rates. These systems are equipped with technologies capable of pinpointing the exact location of gunfire and sending this information and the audio of the shots to the central (a Command and Control Center, or a Monitoring Center, for example), facilitating the prompt response by police forces. The system can also be integrated with video cameras that can move toward the source of the gunfire."},{"_id":14,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Applied technologies for crime prevention/detection/clearance","intervention_description":"This category covers the application of innovative technologies with the objective of strengthening institutional capacity to optimize crime detection processes, increase efficiency and reduce response times and/or increase the effectiveness of initiatives aimed at preventing and solving crimes. The following types of interventions are included in this category: license plate readers/electronic fencing systems, video surveillance systems, gunshot detection technology, and real-time crime centers/fusion centers.","intervention_subtype":"Real-time crime centers / Fusion centers","intervention_subtype_description":"It includes the construction and/or strengthening of Command and Control Centers (CCO); Real-Time Crime Centers; and/or Fusion Centers. It may involve the construction and equipping of physical spaces where these centers will be installed, the development, and implementation of IT solutions, and relevant equipment and devices (e.g., body cameras, video surveillance cameras, gunshot audio monitoring, etc.). It can also involve process and governance architecture projects, and the review and/or establishment of standardized procedures for decision-making, and human resource management."},{"_id":15,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Police control and accountability strengthening and violence reduction programs","intervention_description":"This category includes programs and interventions aimed at increasing the degree of oversight and control over police agencies, with the objective of ensuring higher levels of propriety, compliance and integrity, as well as strengthening accountability mechanisms. The following types of interventions are included in this category: Strengthening of police internal affairs departments, Strengthening of external control/oversight mechanisms, Community safety councils, Procedural justice, Police training focused in de-escalation of the use of force, and Police body-worn cameras (BWCs).","intervention_subtype":"Police body-worn cameras (BWCs)","intervention_subtype_description":"Body cameras (sometimes referred to as \"body-worn cameras\") are audiovisual recording devices that attach to the uniforms of security agents and transmit real-time images and sound to monitoring centers (in addition to allowing recording). The use of this tool has a dual purpose. First, it aims to improve the relationship between agents and citizens, deterring potential episodes of abuse or violence. On the other hand, it serves the mission of protecting police officers against false allegations."},{"_id":16,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Police control and accountability strengthening and violence reduction programs","intervention_description":"This category includes programs and interventions aimed at increasing the degree of oversight and control over police agencies, with the objective of ensuring higher levels of propriety, compliance and integrity, as well as strengthening accountability mechanisms. The following types of interventions are included in this category: Strengthening of police internal affairs departments, Strengthening of external control/oversight mechanisms, Community safety councils, Procedural justice, Police training focused in de-escalation of the use of force, and Police body-worn cameras (BWCs).","intervention_subtype":"Strengthening internal and external control/oversight mechanisms","intervention_subtype_description":"It includes the implementation of mechanisms and solutions aimed at recording and publishing data on the use of force, as well as the institutional strengthening of internal affairs units to act in the analysis, investigation, resolution, and/or referral of complaints of crimes and administrative infractions committed by security agents."},{"_id":17,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Police control and accountability strengthening and violence reduction programs","intervention_description":"This category includes programs and interventions aimed at increasing the degree of oversight and control over police agencies, with the objective of ensuring higher levels of propriety, compliance and integrity, as well as strengthening accountability mechanisms. The following types of interventions are included in this category: Strengthening of police internal affairs departments, Strengthening of external control/oversight mechanisms, Community safety councils, Procedural justice, Police training focused in de-escalation of the use of force, and Police body-worn cameras (BWCs).","intervention_subtype":"Procedural Justice","intervention_subtype_description":"These are programs designed to improve police legitimacy during interactions with citizens through training and implementing approaches based on the principles of \"procedural justice,\" including standardizing procedures and techniques for the proper use of force in various types of intervention. These efforts also aim to contribute to increasing population adherence to a particular program in which community engagement is fundamental for the program to work."},{"_id":18,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Police control and accountability strengthening and violence reduction programs","intervention_description":"This category includes programs and interventions aimed at increasing the degree of oversight and control over police agencies, with the objective of ensuring higher levels of propriety, compliance and integrity, as well as strengthening accountability mechanisms. The following types of interventions are included in this category: Strengthening of police internal affairs departments, Strengthening of external control/oversight mechanisms, Community safety councils, Procedural justice, Police training focused in de-escalation of the use of force, and Police body-worn cameras (BWCs).","intervention_subtype":"De-escalation training","intervention_subtype_description":"Encompasses the development and implementation of training on de-escalation tactics targeted at (i) employing alternatives to use of force; (ii) advancing police–citizen communication strategies, (ii) safely responding to occurrences while protecting the safety of the individuals involved in those cases, as well as of law enforcement officers and the public; (iii) defusing situations involving armed or unarmed persons, and who may be experiencing a mental health or other crisis; and (iv) de-escalating community conflicts, disputes, and disagreements."},{"_id":19,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Police reform programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different measures and initiatives that are usually proposed in comprehensive police reform programs, which include changes in the basic/central administration and management systems, as well as in the structural aspects of these agencies, involving the following types of intervention: Results-based management models, modernization and qualification of police academies, human resources management practices, and renovation, expansion or re-rationalization of infrastructure.","intervention_subtype":"Modernization and qualification of police academies","intervention_subtype_description":"It refers to the structuring, development, and implementation of programs and actions aimed at modernizing and qualifying police academies (in the case of state governments) and civil/municipal guards (in the case of municipalities). The initial training of new agents and the continuous training of the staff is a fundamental element for reducing violence rates and valuing public security professionals."},{"_id":20,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Police reform programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different measures and initiatives that are usually proposed in comprehensive police reform programs, which include changes in the basic/central administration and management systems, as well as in the structural aspects of these agencies, involving the following types of intervention: Results-based management models, modernization and qualification of police academies, human resources management practices, and renovation, expansion or re-rationalization of infrastructure.","intervention_subtype":"Results-oriented management","intervention_subtype_description":"Based on the management model originally conceived by the Compstat experience in New York, results-based management programs in citizen security advocate for establishing performance goals and incentive mechanisms aimed at generating relevant results in public security (e.g., reducing homicides or robberies)."},{"_id":21,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Police reform programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different measures and initiatives that are usually proposed in comprehensive police reform programs, which include changes in the basic/central administration and management systems, as well as in the structural aspects of these agencies, involving the following types of intervention: Results-based management models, modernization and qualification of police academies, human resources management practices, and renovation, expansion or re-rationalization of infrastructure.","intervention_subtype":"Human resources management practices","intervention_subtype_description":"It encompasses the different practices that are part of the people management system, covering the entire life cycle of employees (agents, analysts, etc.) in police organizations, thus encompassing the policies of selection, allocation, (re)distribution, promotion, compensation, motivation and financial or non-financial incentives for productivity and/or effectiveness at an individual or team level."},{"_id":22,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Police reform programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different measures and initiatives that are usually proposed in comprehensive police reform programs, which include changes in the basic/central administration and management systems, as well as in the structural aspects of these agencies, involving the following types of intervention: Results-based management models, modernization and qualification of police academies, human resources management practices, and renovation, expansion or re-rationalization of infrastructure.","intervention_subtype":"Police infrastructure renewal, expansion or re-rationalization","intervention_subtype_description":"It includes different efforts related to expanding, reforming and/or rationalizing the distribution of the main infrastructures through which police agencies organize their territorial distribution and offer services to the population, as in the case of police stations or battalions. It also includes initiatives aimed at strengthening/expanding the information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and/or promoting further digitalization of police agencies, with the aim of boosting operational efficiency and/or productivity levels."},{"_id":23,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Police reform programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different measures and initiatives that are usually proposed in comprehensive police reform programs, which include changes in the basic/central administration and management systems, as well as in the structural aspects of these agencies, involving the following types of intervention: Results-based management models, modernization and qualification of police academies, human resources management practices, and renovation, expansion or re-rationalization of infrastructure.","intervention_subtype":"De-policing strategies","intervention_subtype_description":"De-policing refers to an observed pattern of police disengaging due to a discretionary and sharp reduction in police proactive activities; such as patrolling, interaction with citizens, inquiries, stops, and apprehensions."},{"_id":24,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Police reform programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different measures and initiatives that are usually proposed in comprehensive police reform programs, which include changes in the basic/central administration and management systems, as well as in the structural aspects of these agencies, involving the following types of intervention: Results-based management models, modernization and qualification of police academies, human resources management practices, and renovation, expansion or re-rationalization of infrastructure.","intervention_subtype":"Defund the Police (DTP) strategies","intervention_subtype_description":"Defund the police (DPT) strategies refer to an effort to reevaluate the role of police in society, with the goal of addressing systemic issues within law enforcement, such as over-policing, racial disparities, and excessive use of force. These strategies advocate for reducing police scope and budgets, as well as for reallocating resources to community-based initiatives, involving mental health, education, housing, and other social services."},{"_id":25,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Disruptive/investigative police strategies","intervention_description":"This category covers institutional strengthening initiatives aimed at increasing the capacity of law enforcement agencies to investigate and solve crimes, as well as their ability to affect and reduce specific illicit/illegal markets. This category includes the following types of interventions: Administrative police enforcement and illicit market monitoring, Intelligence-led policing, Improving and qualifying criminal investigation practices, and Advanced forensic techniques and technologies (including DNA banks and ballistic analysis systems, for example).","intervention_subtype":"Enforcement of administrative police power and supervision of illegal markets","intervention_subtype_description":"Also known as a crime prevention strategy through the \"market reduction approach\", this initiative refers to the use of police intelligence and the application of administrative police power to curb the intentional receipt and commercialization of stolen products, by reducing opportunities for criminals to sell and commercialize stolen goods. The strategy may involve updating municipal laws and regulations, acquiring equipment for inspection, and training personnel, among other activities."},{"_id":26,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Disruptive/investigative police strategies","intervention_description":"This category covers institutional strengthening initiatives aimed at increasing the capacity of law enforcement agencies to investigate and solve crimes, as well as their ability to affect and reduce specific illicit/illegal markets. This category includes the following types of interventions: Administrative police enforcement and illicit market monitoring, Intelligence-led policing, Improving and qualifying criminal investigation practices, and Advanced forensic techniques and technologies (including DNA banks and ballistic analysis systems, for example).","intervention_subtype":"Intelligence-led policing","intervention_subtype_description":"Intelligence-led policing (ILP) is a managerial model of law enforcement that seeks to put criminal intelligence at the forefront of police decision-making. ILP is a practice and policing model built around risk assessment and management that seeks to leverage technological advances in data collection and analysis to generate \"intelligence\" inputs that can be practically used to guide police strategies, tactics, and operations."},{"_id":27,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Disruptive/investigative police strategies","intervention_description":"This category covers institutional strengthening initiatives aimed at increasing the capacity of law enforcement agencies to investigate and solve crimes, as well as their ability to affect and reduce specific illicit/illegal markets. This category includes the following types of interventions: Administrative police enforcement and illicit market monitoring, Intelligence-led policing, Improving and qualifying criminal investigation practices, and Advanced forensic techniques and technologies (including DNA banks and ballistic analysis systems, for example).","intervention_subtype":"Criminal investigation practices improvement and qualification","intervention_subtype_description":"It involves adopting practices, techniques, approaches, and technologies, as well as standardizing relevant procedures, protocols, and management models to leverage the investigative capacities of police agencies. The goal is to increase these agencies' efficiency and effectiveness in conducting investigative processes promptly and timely, both in terms of increasing the proportion of cases solved (\"clearance rate\") and reducing the times involved in resolution."},{"_id":28,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Disruptive/investigative police strategies","intervention_description":"This category covers institutional strengthening initiatives aimed at increasing the capacity of law enforcement agencies to investigate and solve crimes, as well as their ability to affect and reduce specific illicit/illegal markets. This category includes the following types of interventions: Administrative police enforcement and illicit market monitoring, Intelligence-led policing, Improving and qualifying criminal investigation practices, and Advanced forensic techniques and technologies (including DNA banks and ballistic analysis systems, for example).","intervention_subtype":"Advanced forensic techniques and technologies","intervention_subtype_description":"It concerns the improvement of technical-scientific police practices regarding the production, legally speaking, of technical evidence to support crime resolution, especially in cases involving crimes against life. It may involve advanced techniques, such as the creation and maintenance of a genetic profile bank and the application of DNA testing in police investigation, multi-biometric identification systems, ballistic profile databases, and the application of frontier technologies in digital forensic science."},{"_id":29,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Strengthening diagnostic and/or policymaking capacity strategies","intervention_description":"This category covers institutional strengthening initiatives aimed at increasing the capacity of law enforcement agencies to investigate and solve crimes, as well as their ability to affect and reduce specific illicit/illegal markets. This category includes the following types of interventions: Administrative police enforcement and illicit market monitoring, Intelligence-led policing, Improving and qualifying criminal investigation practices, and Advanced forensic techniques and technologies (including DNA banks and ballistic analysis systems, for example).","intervention_subtype":"Problem-oriented policing (POP)","intervention_subtype_description":"Problem-oriented policing (POP) is a proactive policing model that seeks to establish a process through which security problems are identified, analyzed, and prioritized in-depth, to define priority actions capable of addressing their main determinants, generating a sustainable solution to that problem. Typically, the implementation of POP is carried out using the SARA Method (an acronym in English for Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment)."},{"_id":30,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Strengthening diagnostic and/or policymaking capacity strategies","intervention_description":"This category covers institutional strengthening initiatives aimed at increasing the capacity of law enforcement agencies to investigate and solve crimes, as well as their ability to affect and reduce specific illicit/illegal markets. This category includes the following types of interventions: Administrative police enforcement and illicit market monitoring, Intelligence-led policing, Improving and qualifying criminal investigation practices, and Advanced forensic techniques and technologies (including DNA banks and ballistic analysis systems, for example).","intervention_subtype":"Criminal analysis improvement and qualification","intervention_subtype_description":"It concerns the strengthening of institutional capacities to analyze crime occurrence patterns, involving aspects such as hot spots (locations, days, and times) for different types of crimes and other factors that may influence criminal behavior."},{"_id":31,"intervention_category":"Institutional capacity-based","intervention_category_description":"Institutional capacity-based interventions focus on the strengthening of core management systems, as well as organizational processes, practices, and competencies—including personnel training, accountability amd integrity systemsstrengthening, organizational structure optimization, data and analytics capabilities, and cross-agency coordination. The main objective is to improve underlying conditions within the police agency as a way to strengthen operational efficiency and overall institutional efficacy.","intervention":"Strengthening diagnostic and/or policymaking capacity strategies","intervention_description":"This category covers institutional strengthening initiatives aimed at increasing the capacity of law enforcement agencies to investigate and solve crimes, as well as their ability to affect and reduce specific illicit/illegal markets. This category includes the following types of interventions: Administrative police enforcement and illicit market monitoring, Intelligence-led policing, Improving and qualifying criminal investigation practices, and Advanced forensic techniques and technologies (including DNA banks and ballistic analysis systems, for example).","intervention_subtype":"Public security observatories","intervention_subtype_description":"Public security observatories are centers dedicated to monitoring, analyzing, and disseminating relevant data in public security (monitoring crime indicators, official data, academic research, and government budgets, for example). They can also act in (or sponsor) specific studies or victimization research. Observatories produce their analyses and generate their reports, infographics, seminars, and meetings to subsidize strategic actions for crime and violence control and prevention that may be presented and potentially absorbed by the competent authorities."},{"_id":32,"intervention_category":"People-based","intervention_category_description":"People-based interventions focus on the individuals and groups who disproportionately perpetrate violence (repeat/prolific offenders) or that are disproportionately affected by it (repeat victims). These interventions often involve monitoring, deterrence, and provision of support services, sometimes in partnership with community members, to provide and foster alternatives to criminal life pathways. Focused deterrence targeting violent individuals is an example of people-based intervention focused on repeat offenders, whereas second-responder programs are an example of people-based intervention focused on revictimization prevention.","intervention":"Group and/or armed violence prevention programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different strategies that have in common the objective of reducing violence, especially, but not only, armed violence caused by organized crime groups (gangs, gangs, cartels, etc.). The following types of intervention are included in this category: the different modalities of focused deterrence, \"cure violence\" strategies, armed group demobilization strategies, and comprehensive gang intervention programs.","intervention_subtype":"Community-based violence interruption programs (\"Cure Violence\")","intervention_subtype_description":"The \"Cure Violence\" Program is based on a concept originating from epidemiology by addressing violence as an infectious disease, as it presents three key characteristics: clustering (occurs in specific places and times), self-replication (seems to multiply \"autonomously\" if not interrupted), and presence of epidemic waves (concentration of a significant volume of occurrences within a short period)."},{"_id":33,"intervention_category":"People-based","intervention_category_description":"People-based interventions focus on the individuals and groups who disproportionately perpetrate violence (repeat/prolific offenders) or that are disproportionately affected by it (repeat victims). These interventions often involve monitoring, deterrence, and provision of support services, sometimes in partnership with community members, to provide and foster alternatives to criminal life pathways. Focused deterrence targeting violent individuals is an example of people-based intervention focused on repeat offenders, whereas second-responder programs are an example of people-based intervention focused on revictimization prevention.","intervention":"Group and/or armed violence prevention programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different strategies that have in common the objective of reducing violence, especially, but not only, armed violence caused by organized crime groups (gangs, gangs, cartels, etc.). The following types of intervention are included in this category: the different modalities of focused deterrence, \"cure violence\" strategies, armed group demobilization strategies, and comprehensive gang intervention programs.","intervention_subtype":"Violent groups demobilization","intervention_subtype_description":"It refers to a strategy of prioritizing the efforts and resources of the Public Prosecutor's Office to prosecute chronic criminal activities."},{"_id":34,"intervention_category":"People-based","intervention_category_description":"People-based interventions focus on the individuals and groups who disproportionately perpetrate violence (repeat/prolific offenders) or that are disproportionately affected by it (repeat victims). These interventions often involve monitoring, deterrence, and provision of support services, sometimes in partnership with community members, to provide and foster alternatives to criminal life pathways. Focused deterrence targeting violent individuals is an example of people-based intervention focused on repeat offenders, whereas second-responder programs are an example of people-based intervention focused on revictimization prevention.","intervention":"Group and/or armed violence prevention programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different strategies that have in common the objective of reducing violence, especially, but not only, armed violence caused by organized crime groups (gangs, gangs, cartels, etc.). The following types of intervention are included in this category: the different modalities of focused deterrence, \"cure violence\" strategies, armed group demobilization strategies, and comprehensive gang intervention programs.","intervention_subtype":"Comprehensive gang intervention","intervention_subtype_description":"It is a strategy that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP/DoJ) of the United States Department of Justice recommends as a solution to American municipalities to address the problems generated by gangs and violent groups involved in illegal activities and/or groups that exert illegal (and violent) territorial dominance over socially vulnerable communities."},{"_id":35,"intervention_category":"People-based","intervention_category_description":"People-based interventions focus on the individuals and groups who disproportionately perpetrate violence (repeat/prolific offenders) or that are disproportionately affected by it (repeat victims). These interventions often involve monitoring, deterrence, and provision of support services, sometimes in partnership with community members, to provide and foster alternatives to criminal life pathways. Focused deterrence targeting violent individuals is an example of people-based intervention focused on repeat offenders, whereas second-responder programs are an example of people-based intervention focused on revictimization prevention.","intervention":"Group and/or armed violence prevention programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different strategies that have in common the objective of reducing violence, especially, but not only, armed violence caused by organized crime groups (gangs, gangs, cartels, etc.). The following types of intervention are included in this category: the different modalities of focused deterrence, \"cure violence\" strategies, armed group demobilization strategies, and comprehensive gang intervention programs.","intervention_subtype":"Focused deterrence targeting violent groups","intervention_subtype_description":"The strategy of focused deterrence on violent groups (also known as violent group intervention) refers to a type of intervention in which strategic, tactical, and operational alliances are established between different institutions and agencies of the security and justice systems to deter certain groups responsible for a disproportionate volume of crimes and violence in a given locality."},{"_id":36,"intervention_category":"People-based","intervention_category_description":"People-based interventions focus on the individuals and groups who disproportionately perpetrate violence (repeat/prolific offenders) or that are disproportionately affected by it (repeat victims). These interventions often involve monitoring, deterrence, and provision of support services, sometimes in partnership with community members, to provide and foster alternatives to criminal life pathways. Focused deterrence targeting violent individuals is an example of people-based intervention focused on repeat offenders, whereas second-responder programs are an example of people-based intervention focused on revictimization prevention.","intervention":"Group and/or armed violence prevention programs","intervention_description":"This category includes different strategies that have in common the objective of reducing violence, especially, but not only, armed violence caused by organized crime groups (gangs, gangs, cartels, etc.). The following types of intervention are included in this category: the different modalities of focused deterrence, \"cure violence\" strategies, armed group demobilization strategies, and comprehensive gang intervention programs.","intervention_subtype":"Focused deterrence targeting violent individuals","intervention_subtype_description":"The strategy of focused deterrence on highly violent individuals refers to a type of intervention in which strategic, tactical, and operational alliances are established between different institutions and agencies of the security and justice systems to deter certain individuals responsible for a disproportionate volume of crimes and violence in a given locality."},{"_id":37,"intervention_category":"People-based","intervention_category_description":"People-based interventions focus on the individuals and groups who disproportionately perpetrate violence (repeat/prolific offenders) or that are disproportionately affected by it (repeat victims). These interventions often involve monitoring, deterrence, and provision of support services, sometimes in partnership with community members, to provide and foster alternatives to criminal life pathways. Focused deterrence targeting violent individuals is an example of people-based intervention focused on repeat offenders, whereas second-responder programs are an example of people-based intervention focused on revictimization prevention.","intervention":"Police-led revictimization/recidivism prevention programs","intervention_description":"This category encompasses different police initiatives that have in common the objective of assisting and protecting people who have been victimized, in order to reduce harm and, above all, prevent re-victimization. These efforts may focus on the victims themselves, on their care and on the provision of services focused on preventing further episodes of violence, or they may focus on the aggressors, with the aim of deterring them from reoffending and preventing them from becoming \"prolific offenders\". The following types of intervention are included in this category: second response programs, specialized police stations for women, integrated systems for risk assessment and re-victimization prevention, and police-led juvenile diversion programs.","intervention_subtype":"Second responders programs","intervention_subtype_description":"It includes periodic visits by multi-sectoral teams (municipal and/or police officers, social workers, health professionals, and public defenders) to the homes of women in situations of domestic and family violence, to verify compliance with urgent protective measures provided and/or to preventively attend to domestic violence occurrences/complaints, aiming to deter acts of violence or threats against women and reduce (re)victimization."},{"_id":38,"intervention_category":"People-based","intervention_category_description":"People-based interventions focus on the individuals and groups who disproportionately perpetrate violence (repeat/prolific offenders) or that are disproportionately affected by it (repeat victims). These interventions often involve monitoring, deterrence, and provision of support services, sometimes in partnership with community members, to provide and foster alternatives to criminal life pathways. Focused deterrence targeting violent individuals is an example of people-based intervention focused on repeat offenders, whereas second-responder programs are an example of people-based intervention focused on revictimization prevention.","intervention":"Police-led revictimization/recidivism prevention programs","intervention_description":"This category encompasses different police initiatives that have in common the objective of assisting and protecting people who have been victimized, in order to reduce harm and, above all, prevent re-victimization. These efforts may focus on the victims themselves, on their care and on the provision of services focused on preventing further episodes of violence, or they may focus on the aggressors, with the aim of deterring them from reoffending and preventing them from becoming \"prolific offenders\". The following types of intervention are included in this category: second response programs, specialized police stations for women, integrated systems for risk assessment and re-victimization prevention, and police-led juvenile diversion programs.","intervention_subtype":"Women Police Stations (WPS)","intervention_subtype_description":"Women's police stations are police stations specializing in crimes with female victims and are focused on specific types of crime related to gender-based violence, such as psychological violence, and family/domestic violence, as well as on specific types of threats and sexual violence. Some units are also connected to and might divert the victims to other public/social services such as financial help, counseling, and specialized medical care/assistance."},{"_id":39,"intervention_category":"People-based","intervention_category_description":"People-based interventions focus on the individuals and groups who disproportionately perpetrate violence (repeat/prolific offenders) or that are disproportionately affected by it (repeat victims). These interventions often involve monitoring, deterrence, and provision of support services, sometimes in partnership with community members, to provide and foster alternatives to criminal life pathways. Focused deterrence targeting violent individuals is an example of people-based intervention focused on repeat offenders, whereas second-responder programs are an example of people-based intervention focused on revictimization prevention.","intervention":"Police-led revictimization/recidivism prevention programs","intervention_description":"This category encompasses different police initiatives that have in common the objective of assisting and protecting people who have been victimized, in order to reduce harm and, above all, prevent re-victimization. These efforts may focus on the victims themselves, on their care and on the provision of services focused on preventing further episodes of violence, or they may focus on the aggressors, with the aim of deterring them from reoffending and preventing them from becoming \"prolific offenders\". The following types of intervention are included in this category: second response programs, specialized police stations for women, integrated systems for risk assessment and re-victimization prevention, and police-led juvenile diversion programs.","intervention_subtype":"Integrated systems for risk assessment and preventing revictimization","intervention_subtype_description":"It refers to an initiative that seeks to structure and implement an integrated system of evaluation and care for the risk of revictimization of women in cases of domestic and/or intimate partner violence. These initiatives have increasingly been associated with technological solutions that allow creating a network and an integrated database among government agencies to monitor and predict the risk of recurrence of violence against women, using risk forms and integrating information referring to a set of factors with high predictive power for this type of violence."},{"_id":40,"intervention_category":"People-based","intervention_category_description":"People-based interventions focus on the individuals and groups who disproportionately perpetrate violence (repeat/prolific offenders) or that are disproportionately affected by it (repeat victims). These interventions often involve monitoring, deterrence, and provision of support services, sometimes in partnership with community members, to provide and foster alternatives to criminal life pathways. Focused deterrence targeting violent individuals is an example of people-based intervention focused on repeat offenders, whereas second-responder programs are an example of people-based intervention focused on revictimization prevention.","intervention":"Police-led revictimization/recidivism prevention programs","intervention_description":"This category encompasses different police initiatives that have in common the objective of assisting and protecting people who have been victimized, in order to reduce harm and, above all, prevent re-victimization. These efforts may focus on the victims themselves, on their care and on the provision of services focused on preventing further episodes of violence, or they may focus on the aggressors, with the aim of deterring them from reoffending and preventing them from becoming \"prolific offenders\". The following types of intervention are included in this category: second response programs, specialized police stations for women, integrated systems for risk assessment and re-victimization prevention, and police-led juvenile diversion programs.","intervention_subtype":"Police-led juvenile diversion programs","intervention_subtype_description":"They comprise a set of strategies that the police can implement as an alternative to criminal prosecution of young people. Redirection programs focus on inserting young people who have committed minor offenses into social prevention programs instead of presenting them to the criminal justice system."},{"_id":41,"intervention_category":"Place-based","intervention_category_description":"Place-based interventions target the geographic locations where violence and crime are disproportionately concentrated, or localities that concentrate key vulnerabilities and risk-factors that are conducive to higher levels of crime and victimization. The main objective is to reduce crime opportunity by disrupting the routine activities and environmental cues that allow for and/or incentivize wrongdoing and anti-social behavior. Examples of place-based interventions are: community policing, hot spots policing and broken-windows policing, among others.","intervention":"Community-level crime, violence, and disorder prevention strategies","intervention_description":"This category encompasses a set of initiatives implemented at the community level with the objective of preventing crime, violence and reducing the prevalence of offenses related to urban disorder, addressing both factors related to antisocial and/or risk behavior, as well as factors specific to the community and situational context. The following types of interventions are included in this category: Drug Resistance Education Programs (DARE), Youth Curfews, Comprehensive Territorial Interventions, Encouraging the Use of Private Surveillance Equipment, Firearms Regulation, Firearms Targeted Policing, Disorderly Policing (\"Broken Windows\"), DUI/DWI-focused policing, Community Policing, and Neighborhood Watch.","intervention_subtype":"Youth curfews","intervention_subtype_description":"They refer to programs for enforcing curfew laws, that is, keeping adolescents and young people (generally under 17) in the domestic environment at certain times (especially at night). The purpose of these interventions is to reduce these youths' exposure to circumstances most conducive to committing crimes (or being victimized). In several cases, these laws grant the police the authority to stop and question young people, and require them to return home or face fines or sanctions, as appropriate."},{"_id":42,"intervention_category":"Place-based","intervention_category_description":"Place-based interventions target the geographic locations where violence and crime are disproportionately concentrated, or localities that concentrate key vulnerabilities and risk-factors that are conducive to higher levels of crime and victimization. The main objective is to reduce crime opportunity by disrupting the routine activities and environmental cues that allow for and/or incentivize wrongdoing and anti-social behavior. Examples of place-based interventions are: community policing, hot spots policing and broken-windows policing, among others.","intervention":"Community-level crime, violence, and disorder prevention strategies","intervention_description":"This category encompasses a set of initiatives implemented at the community level with the objective of preventing crime, violence and reducing the prevalence of offenses related to urban disorder, addressing both factors related to antisocial and/or risk behavior, as well as factors specific to the community and situational context. The following types of interventions are included in this category: Drug Resistance Education Programs (DARE), Youth Curfews, Comprehensive Territorial Interventions, Encouraging the Use of Private Surveillance Equipment, Firearms Regulation, Firearms Targeted Policing, Disorderly Policing (\"Broken Windows\"), DUI/DWI-focused policing, Community Policing, and Neighborhood Watch.","intervention_subtype":"Comprehensive territorial interventions","intervention_subtype_description":"It refers to a type of preventive intervention, developed at the community level, that focuses primarily on problem and dispute resolution, focusing on neighborhoods with high socio-economic vulnerability. These essentially non-police approaches involve mobilizing territorial agents from municipal agencies to perform tasks related to problem resolution in the targeted community, as well as managing disputes, reducing local disorder, and solving everyday problems. At the same time, these agents also aim to improve the community's capacity to manage its own problems by strengthening local organizations, improving communication lines with local government, or encouraging citizen participation."},{"_id":43,"intervention_category":"Place-based","intervention_category_description":"Place-based interventions target the geographic locations where violence and crime are disproportionately concentrated, or localities that concentrate key vulnerabilities and risk-factors that are conducive to higher levels of crime and victimization. The main objective is to reduce crime opportunity by disrupting the routine activities and environmental cues that allow for and/or incentivize wrongdoing and anti-social behavior. Examples of place-based interventions are: community policing, hot spots policing and broken-windows policing, among others.","intervention":"Community-level crime, violence, and disorder prevention strategies","intervention_description":"This category encompasses a set of initiatives implemented at the community level with the objective of preventing crime, violence and reducing the prevalence of offenses related to urban disorder, addressing both factors related to antisocial and/or risk behavior, as well as factors specific to the community and situational context. The following types of interventions are included in this category: Drug Resistance Education Programs (DARE), Youth Curfews, Comprehensive Territorial Interventions, Encouraging the Use of Private Surveillance Equipment, Firearms Regulation, Firearms Targeted Policing, Disorderly Policing (\"Broken Windows\"), DUI/DWI-focused policing, Community Policing, and Neighborhood Watch.","intervention_subtype":"Encouraging the use of private security equipment","intervention_subtype_description":"These are initiatives that include both proactive and preventive action and a quick response to cases of burglary in private homes (residential or commercial). In the first case, security agencies, by identifying locations (residential or commercial areas) that suffer disproportionately from revictimization, organize visits to the most sensitive and/or high-risk areas to discuss and guide commercial establishments and/or residences on adopting robbery and theft prevention solutions."},{"_id":44,"intervention_category":"Place-based","intervention_category_description":"Place-based interventions target the geographic locations where violence and crime are disproportionately concentrated, or localities that concentrate key vulnerabilities and risk-factors that are conducive to higher levels of crime and victimization. The main objective is to reduce crime opportunity by disrupting the routine activities and environmental cues that allow for and/or incentivize wrongdoing and anti-social behavior. Examples of place-based interventions are: community policing, hot spots policing and broken-windows policing, among others.","intervention":"Community-level crime, violence, and disorder prevention strategies","intervention_description":"This category encompasses a set of initiatives implemented at the community level with the objective of preventing crime, violence and reducing the prevalence of offenses related to urban disorder, addressing both factors related to antisocial and/or risk behavior, as well as factors specific to the community and situational context. The following types of interventions are included in this category: Drug Resistance Education Programs (DARE), Youth Curfews, Comprehensive Territorial Interventions, Encouraging the Use of Private Surveillance Equipment, Firearms Regulation, Firearms Targeted Policing, Disorderly Policing (\"Broken Windows\"), DUI/DWI-focused policing, Community Policing, and Neighborhood Watch.","intervention_subtype":"Disorder policing (\"broken windows\")","intervention_subtype_description":"The programs focusing on disorder and nuisance policing, also called \"broken windows\" policing or public order maintenance policing, are based on the premise that by reducing disorder and the incidence of minor offenses in a given community, it is possible to improve the quality of life and citizens' sense of security and reduce the likelihood of more serious crimes."},{"_id":45,"intervention_category":"Place-based","intervention_category_description":"Place-based interventions target the geographic locations where violence and crime are disproportionately concentrated, or localities that concentrate key vulnerabilities and risk-factors that are conducive to higher levels of crime and victimization. The main objective is to reduce crime opportunity by disrupting the routine activities and environmental cues that allow for and/or incentivize wrongdoing and anti-social behavior. Examples of place-based interventions are: community policing, hot spots policing and broken-windows policing, among others.","intervention":"Community-level crime, violence, and disorder prevention strategies","intervention_description":"This category encompasses a set of initiatives implemented at the community level with the objective of preventing crime, violence and reducing the prevalence of offenses related to urban disorder, addressing both factors related to antisocial and/or risk behavior, as well as factors specific to the community and situational context. The following types of interventions are included in this category: Drug Resistance Education Programs (DARE), Youth Curfews, Comprehensive Territorial Interventions, Encouraging the Use of Private Surveillance Equipment, Firearms Regulation, Firearms Targeted Policing, Disorderly Policing (\"Broken Windows\"), DUI/DWI-focused policing, Community Policing, and Neighborhood Watch.","intervention_subtype":"Community policing","intervention_subtype_description":"In its most basic version, this approach seeks to ensure that the same police officers are permanently assigned to a specific geographical area, so they can become familiar with local problems and residents, thus promoting greater collaboration (and effectiveness). These programs emphasize and prioritize community involvement in the policing process to develop partnerships between the police, community members, and civic organizations to establish and advance priorities, as well as define and monitor the tactics employed."},{"_id":46,"intervention_category":"Place-based","intervention_category_description":"Place-based interventions target the geographic locations where violence and crime are disproportionately concentrated, or localities that concentrate key vulnerabilities and risk-factors that are conducive to higher levels of crime and victimization. The main objective is to reduce crime opportunity by disrupting the routine activities and environmental cues that allow for and/or incentivize wrongdoing and anti-social behavior. Examples of place-based interventions are: community policing, hot spots policing and broken-windows policing, among others.","intervention":"Community-level crime, violence, and disorder prevention strategies","intervention_description":"This category encompasses a set of initiatives implemented at the community level with the objective of preventing crime, violence and reducing the prevalence of offenses related to urban disorder, addressing both factors related to antisocial and/or risk behavior, as well as factors specific to the community and situational context. The following types of interventions are included in this category: Drug Resistance Education Programs (DARE), Youth Curfews, Comprehensive Territorial Interventions, Encouraging the Use of Private Surveillance Equipment, Firearms Regulation, Firearms Targeted Policing, Disorderly Policing (\"Broken Windows\"), DUI/DWI-focused policing, Community Policing, and Neighborhood Watch.","intervention_subtype":"Neighborhood watch","intervention_subtype_description":"The neighborhood watch strategy, also called \"community surveillance\", refers to a type of program that promotes establishing local surveillance groups in neighborhoods continuously. These groups establish partnerships between citizens and law enforcement agencies to reduce various types of \"neighborhood crimes,\" such as disorder or residential burglary."},{"_id":47,"intervention_category":"Place-based","intervention_category_description":"Place-based interventions target the geographic locations where violence and crime are disproportionately concentrated, or localities that concentrate key vulnerabilities and risk-factors that are conducive to higher levels of crime and victimization. The main objective is to reduce crime opportunity by disrupting the routine activities and environmental cues that allow for and/or incentivize wrongdoing and anti-social behavior. Examples of place-based interventions are: community policing, hot spots policing and broken-windows policing, among others.","intervention":"Community-level crime, violence, and disorder prevention strategies","intervention_description":"This category encompasses a set of initiatives implemented at the community level with the objective of preventing crime, violence and reducing the prevalence of offenses related to urban disorder, addressing both factors related to antisocial and/or risk behavior, as well as factors specific to the community and situational context. The following types of interventions are included in this category: Drug Resistance Education Programs (DARE), Youth Curfews, Comprehensive Territorial Interventions, Encouraging the Use of Private Surveillance Equipment, Firearms Regulation, Firearms Targeted Policing, Disorderly Policing (\"Broken Windows\"), DUI/DWI-focused policing, Community Policing, and Neighborhood Watch.","intervention_subtype":"Crime prevention community councils","intervention_subtype_description":"It includes the establishment and/or strengthening of community safety councils as mechanisms for social participation and external control of security policies. In this sense, it may involve the creation and/or training and empowerment of these spaces for dialogue between society and government representatives, from the perspective of co-management of public security policies, whether in proposing, negotiating, deciding, implementing, or overseeing public policies."},{"_id":48,"intervention_category":"Place-based","intervention_category_description":"Place-based interventions target the geographic locations where violence and crime are disproportionately concentrated, or localities that concentrate key vulnerabilities and risk-factors that are conducive to higher levels of crime and victimization. The main objective is to reduce crime opportunity by disrupting the routine activities and environmental cues that allow for and/or incentivize wrongdoing and anti-social behavior. Examples of place-based interventions are: community policing, hot spots policing and broken-windows policing, among others.","intervention":"Geographically focused policing initiatives","intervention_description":"This category encompasses a set of types of intervention that, despite their differences in form, approach, or policing strategy, have in common the deployment of concentrated action in a specific territory, which can be very restricted (as in the case of hot spot policing) or broader (as in the case of proximity policing). Through this geographically concentrated action, the aim is to reduce crime, violence, disorder and/or the feeling of insecurity.","intervention_subtype":"Proximity policing","intervention_subtype_description":"Proximity policing programs aim to increase the presence and visibility of police officers, whether in conflict areas or specific localities, neighborhoods, or regions characterized by high crime, violence, or disorder; always to significantly reduce these indicators. Unlike the community policing model, proximity policing does not necessarily presuppose the structuring of methods and spaces for dialogue and agreement between the police and the local community."},{"_id":49,"intervention_category":"Place-based","intervention_category_description":"Place-based interventions target the geographic locations where violence and crime are disproportionately concentrated, or localities that concentrate key vulnerabilities and risk-factors that are conducive to higher levels of crime and victimization. The main objective is to reduce crime opportunity by disrupting the routine activities and environmental cues that allow for and/or incentivize wrongdoing and anti-social behavior. Examples of place-based interventions are: community policing, hot spots policing and broken-windows policing, among others.","intervention":"Geographically focused policing initiatives","intervention_description":"This category encompasses a set of types of intervention that, despite their differences in form, approach, or policing strategy, have in common the deployment of concentrated action in a specific territory, which can be very restricted (as in the case of hot spot policing) or broader (as in the case of proximity policing). Through this geographically concentrated action, the aim is to reduce crime, violence, disorder and/or the feeling of insecurity.","intervention_subtype":"Hot spots policing","intervention_subtype_description":"It is a strategy of preventive patrolling in specific \"hot spots\" of the city, that is, urban micro-territories that concentrate high crime rates (whether specific intersections, blocks, or corners, or specific public spaces such as train and bus stations or a square), to reduce the crime rates observed in these locations. This policing strategy advocates for proactive and preventive action in these locations through targeted patrols that focus on the critical hot spots identified by the police through spatial analysis techniques."}], "fields": [{"id": "_id", "type": "int"}, {"id": "intervention_category", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Intervention category", "notes": "Main intervention domains from EGM framework"}}, {"id": "intervention_category_description", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Intervention category description", "notes": "Description of the intervention category"}}, {"id": "intervention", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Intervention", "notes": "Second-level category of the interventions evaluated (EGM framework)"}}, {"id": "intervention_description", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Intervention description", "notes": "Description of the interventions evaluated"}}, {"id": "intervention_subtype", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Intervention subtype", "notes": "Third-level category of the interventions evaluated (EGM framework). For two-level maps, leave blank."}}, {"id": "intervention_subtype_description", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Intervention subtype description", "notes": "Description of the third-level intervention evaluated.  For two-level maps, leave blank."}}], "_links": {"start": "/api/action/datastore_search?resource_id=213e0e14-64eb-4afa-a1cc-2002199a4ad0", "next": "/api/action/datastore_search?resource_id=213e0e14-64eb-4afa-a1cc-2002199a4ad0&offset=100"}, "last_id": 1, "total": 49, "total_was_estimated": true}}