{"help": "https://data.iadb.org/api/3/action/help_show?name=datastore_search", "success": true, "result": {"include_total": false, "limit": 100, "records_format": "objects", "resource_id": "46b30f9b-71ca-43e1-8361-43e32c79a5d2", "total_estimation_threshold": null, "last_id_operator": "gt", "records": [{"_id":1,"Study_ID":"ST-0001","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0001-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Panama","Country_name_es":"Panamá","Country_code":"PA","Title_en":"Expanding access to identification cards and social programs: Experimental evidence from Panamá","Title_es":"Expanding access to identification cards and social programs: Experimental evidence from Panamá","Study_en":"Reyes et al. 2025 (a)","Study_es":"Reyes et al. 2025","Context_en":"Citizens with IDs expiring Jan-Mar 2020, eligible for Vale Digital emergency transfer program targeting informally employed residents in urban localities","Context_es":"Ciudadanos con documentos de identidad vencidos entre enero y marzo de 2020, elegibles para Vale Digital, un programa de transferencias de emergencia dirigido a residentes urbanos con empleo informal.","Intervention_en":"SMS reminder of ID renewal","Intervention_es":"Recordatorio por SMS de renovación de identificación","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2020,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3156 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"3156 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"3459 beneficiaries, stratified by corregimiento and expiration date (2 treatment and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"3459 beneficiarios, estratificados por corregimiento y fecha de vencimiento (2 grupos de tratamiento y 1 grupo de control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability that an individual renewed their ID","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de que un individuo renovara su documento de identidad","Effect":"12.3","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pam.22596","Reference_en":"Reyes, Ángela María, Benjamin Roseth, and Diego Vera-Cossio. 2025. \"Expanding Access to Identification Cards and Social Programs: Experimental Evidence from Panamá.\" Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 44 (3): 893–916. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22596.","Reference_es":"Reyes, Ángela María, Benjamin Roseth, and Diego Vera-Cossio. 2025. \"Expanding Access to Identification Cards and Social Programs: Experimental Evidence from Panamá.\" Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 44 (3): 893–916. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22596.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"ID renewal","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":2,"Study_ID":"ST-0001","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0001-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Panama","Country_name_es":"Panamá","Country_code":"PA","Title_en":"Expanding access to identification cards and social programs: Experimental evidence from Panamá","Title_es":"Expanding access to identification cards and social programs: Experimental evidence from Panamá","Study_en":"Reyes et al. 2025 (a)","Study_es":"Reyes et al. 2025","Context_en":"Citizens with IDs expiring Jan-Mar 2020, eligible for Vale Digital emergency transfer program targeting informally employed residents in urban localities","Context_es":"Ciudadanos con documentos de identidad vencidos entre enero y marzo de 2020, elegibles para Vale Digital, un programa de transferencias de emergencia dirigido a residentes urbanos con empleo informal.","Intervention_en":"SMS reminder of ID renewal","Intervention_es":"Recordatorio por SMS de renovación de identificación","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2020,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3156 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"3156 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"3459 beneficiaries, stratified by corregimiento and expiration date (2 treatment and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"3459 beneficiarios, estratificados por corregimiento y fecha de vencimiento (2 grupos de tratamiento y 1 grupo de control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving at least one payment","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir al menos un pago","Effect":"4.5","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pam.22596","Reference_en":"Reyes, Ángela María, Benjamin Roseth, and Diego Vera-Cossio. 2025. \"Expanding Access to Identification Cards and Social Programs: Experimental Evidence from Panamá.\" Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 44 (3): 893–916. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22596.","Reference_es":"Reyes, Ángela María, Benjamin Roseth, and Diego Vera-Cossio. 2025. \"Expanding Access to Identification Cards and Social Programs: Experimental Evidence from Panamá.\" Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 44 (3): 893–916. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22596.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Any payment receipt","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":3,"Study_ID":"ST-0002","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0002-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Panama","Country_name_es":"Panamá","Country_code":"PA","Title_en":"Expanding access to identification cards and social programs: Experimental evidence from Panamá","Title_es":"Expanding access to identification cards and social programs: Experimental evidence from Panamá","Study_en":"Reyes et al. 2025 (b)","Study_es":"Reyes et al. 2025","Context_en":"Citizens with IDs expiring Jan-Mar 2020, eligible for Vale Digital emergency transfer program targeting informally employed residents in urban localities","Context_es":"Ciudadanos con documentos de identidad vencidos entre enero y marzo de 2020, elegibles para Vale Digital, un programa de transferencias de emergencia dirigido a residentes urbanos con empleo informal.","Intervention_en":"SMS reminder of ID renewal + access to online ID renewal platform","Intervention_es":"Recordatorio por SMS de renovación de identificación + acceso a la plataforma de renovación de identificación en línea","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2020,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3156 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"3156 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"3459 beneficiaries, stratified by corregimiento and expiration date (2 treatment and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"3459 beneficiarios, estratificados por corregimiento y fecha de vencimiento (2 grupos de tratamiento y 1 grupo de control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability that an individual renewed their ID","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de que un individuo renovara su documento de identidad","Effect":"8.7","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pam.22596","Reference_en":"Reyes, Ángela María, Benjamin Roseth, and Diego Vera-Cossio. 2025. \"Expanding Access to Identification Cards and Social Programs: Experimental Evidence from Panamá.\" Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 44 (3): 893–916. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22596.","Reference_es":"Reyes, Ángela María, Benjamin Roseth, and Diego Vera-Cossio. 2025. \"Expanding Access to Identification Cards and Social Programs: Experimental Evidence from Panamá.\" Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 44 (3): 893–916. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22596.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"ID renewal","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":3},{"_id":4,"Study_ID":"ST-0002","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0002-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Panama","Country_name_es":"Panamá","Country_code":"PA","Title_en":"Expanding access to identification cards and social programs: Experimental evidence from Panamá","Title_es":"Expanding access to identification cards and social programs: Experimental evidence from Panamá","Study_en":"Reyes et al. 2025 (b)","Study_es":"Reyes et al. 2025","Context_en":"Citizens with IDs expiring Jan-Mar 2020, eligible for Vale Digital emergency transfer program targeting informally employed residents in urban localities","Context_es":"Ciudadanos con documentos de identidad vencidos entre enero y marzo de 2020, elegibles para Vale Digital, un programa de transferencias de emergencia dirigido a residentes urbanos con empleo informal.","Intervention_en":"SMS reminder of ID renewal + access to online ID renewal platform","Intervention_es":"Recordatorio por SMS de renovación de identificación + acceso a la plataforma de renovación de identificación en línea","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2020,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3156 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"3156 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"3459 beneficiaries, stratified by corregimiento and expiration date (2 treatment and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"3459 beneficiarios, estratificados por corregimiento y fecha de vencimiento (2 grupos de tratamiento y 1 grupo de control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving at least one payment","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir al menos un pago","Effect":"3.5","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pam.22596","Reference_en":"Reyes, Ángela María, Benjamin Roseth, and Diego Vera-Cossio. 2025. \"Expanding Access to Identification Cards and Social Programs: Experimental Evidence from Panamá.\" Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 44 (3): 893–916. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22596.","Reference_es":"Reyes, Ángela María, Benjamin Roseth, and Diego Vera-Cossio. 2025. \"Expanding Access to Identification Cards and Social Programs: Experimental Evidence from Panamá.\" Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 44 (3): 893–916. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22596.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Any payment receipt","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":4},{"_id":5,"Study_ID":"ST-0003","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0003-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Argentina","Country_name_es":"Argentina","Country_code":"AR","Title_en":"Conditional Cash Transfers, Debit Cards and Financial Inclusion: Experimental Evidence from Argentina","Title_es":"Conditional Cash Transfers, Debit Cards and Financial Inclusion: Experimental Evidence from Argentina","Study_en":"Cruces 2023","Study_es":"Cruces 2023","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of AUH (Asignación Universal por Hijo), a conditional cash transfer program targeting unemployed and informal workers who are parents of children under 18","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de la AUH (Asignación Universal por Hijo), un programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas dirigido a trabajadores desempleados e informales que son padres de niños menores de 18 años.","Intervention_en":"Information campaign via SMS text message  and through on-screen messages at ATM machines informing beneficiaries of a 15% rebate for debit card purchase","Intervention_es":"Campaña informativa vía mensaje de texto SMS y a través de mensajes en pantalla en cajeros automáticos, informando a los beneficiarios de un descuento del 15% por compras con tarjeta de débito.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"400723 beneficiaries (full-sample)","Observations_es":"400723 beneficiarios (muestra completa)","Randomization_en":"400723  beneficiaries (195,723 treatment and  205,000 control)","Randomization_es":"400723  beneficiarios (195723 tratamiento y  205000 control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Beneficiaries using debit card for purchases (12-month window)","Outcome_ind_es":"Proporción de beneficiarios que utilizan tarjeta de débito para compras. Ventana de 12 meses","Effect":"5.13","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://publications.iadb.org/en/conditional-cash-transfers-debit-cards-and-financial-inclusion-experimental-evidence-argentina","Reference_en":"Cruces, Guillermo. 2023. Conditional Cash Transfers, Debit Cards and Financial Inclusion: Experimental Evidence from Argentina. IDB-WP-1451. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/0005079","Reference_es":"Cruces, Guillermo. 2023. Conditional Cash Transfers, Debit Cards and Financial Inclusion: Experimental Evidence from Argentina. IDB-WP-1451. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/0005079","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Debit-card use (12m)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":6,"Study_ID":"ST-0003","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0003-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Argentina","Country_name_es":"Argentina","Country_code":"AR","Title_en":"Conditional Cash Transfers, Debit Cards and Financial Inclusion: Experimental Evidence from Argentina","Title_es":"Conditional Cash Transfers, Debit Cards and Financial Inclusion: Experimental Evidence from Argentina","Study_en":"Cruces 2023","Study_es":"Cruces 2023","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of AUH (Asignación Universal por Hijo), a conditional cash transfer program targeting unemployed and informal workers who are parents of children under 18","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de la AUH (Asignación Universal por Hijo), un programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas dirigido a trabajadores desempleados e informales que son padres de niños menores de 18 años.","Intervention_en":"Information campaign via SMS text message  and through on-screen messages at ATM machines informing beneficiaries of a 15% rebate for debit card purchase","Intervention_es":"Campaña informativa vía mensaje de texto SMS y a través de mensajes en pantalla en cajeros automáticos, informando a los beneficiarios de un descuento del 15% por compras con tarjeta de débito.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"131701 beneficiaries (1/3 of the sample)","Observations_es":"131701 beneficiarios (1/3 de la muestra)","Randomization_en":"400723  beneficiaries (195,723 treatment and  205,000 control)","Randomization_es":"400723  beneficiarios (195723 tratamiento y  205000 control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Beneficiaries using debit card for purchases (18-month window)","Outcome_ind_es":"Proporción de beneficiarios que utilizan tarjeta de débito para compras. Ventana de 18 meses","Effect":"3.75","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://publications.iadb.org/en/conditional-cash-transfers-debit-cards-and-financial-inclusion-experimental-evidence-argentina","Reference_en":"Cruces, Guillermo. 2023. Conditional Cash Transfers, Debit Cards and Financial Inclusion: Experimental Evidence from Argentina. IDB-WP-1451. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/0005079","Reference_es":"Cruces, Guillermo. 2023. Conditional Cash Transfers, Debit Cards and Financial Inclusion: Experimental Evidence from Argentina. IDB-WP-1451. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/0005079","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Debit-card use (18m)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":7,"Study_ID":"ST-0004","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0004-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Mexico","Country_name_es":"México","Country_code":"MX","Title_en":"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program","Title_es":"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program","Study_en":"Marquez-Padilla and Parker 2024 (a)","Study_es":"Marquez-Padilla and Parker 2024","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Prospera, a conditional cash transfer program targeting rural low-income women in the state of Hidalgo","Context_es":"Beneficiarias de Prospera, un programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas dirigido a mujeres rurales de bajos ingresos en el estado de Hidalgo.","Intervention_en":"Transition from cash payments to bank deposits (Prospera Digital)","Intervention_es":"Transición de pagos en efectivo a depósitos bancarios (Prospera Digital)","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"4367 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"4367 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"150 communities (2 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"150 comunidades (2 grupos de tratamiento y 1 grupo de control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving cash transfer","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir el pago","Effect":"-1.3","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/726538","Reference_en":"Marquez-Padilla, Fernanda, and Susan W. Parker. 2024. \"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 73 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/726538.","Reference_es":"Marquez-Padilla, Fernanda, and Susan W. Parker. 2024. \"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 73 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/726538.","Notes_en":"Authors suggest the negative effect may reflect higher monetary and time costs of withdrawing transfers from ATMs during the transition to digital payments.","Notes_es":"Los autores sugieren que el efecto negativo podría reflejar los mayores costos monetarios y de tiempo de retirar transferencias de los cajeros automáticos durante la transición a los pagos digitales.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Cash-transfer receipt","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":8,"Study_ID":"ST-0004","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0004-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Mexico","Country_name_es":"México","Country_code":"MX","Title_en":"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program","Title_es":"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program","Study_en":"Marquez-Padilla and Parker 2024 (a)","Study_es":"Marquez-Padilla and Parker 2024","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Prospera, a conditional cash transfer program targeting rural low-income women in the state of Hidalgo","Context_es":"Beneficiarias de Prospera, un programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas dirigido a mujeres rurales de bajos ingresos en el estado de Hidalgo.","Intervention_en":"Transition from cash payments to bank deposits (Prospera Digital)","Intervention_es":"Transición de pagos en efectivo a depósitos bancarios (Prospera Digital)","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"4345 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"4345 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"150 communities (2 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"150 comunidades (2 grupos de tratamiento y 1 grupo de control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving full cash transfer","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir el monto total del CCT","Effect":"-14.8","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/726538","Reference_en":"Marquez-Padilla, Fernanda, and Susan W. Parker. 2024. \"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 73 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/726538.","Reference_es":"Marquez-Padilla, Fernanda, and Susan W. Parker. 2024. \"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 73 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/726538.","Notes_en":"Authors suggest the negative effect may reflect higher monetary and time costs of withdrawing transfers from ATMs during the transition to digital payments.","Notes_es":"Los autores sugieren que el efecto negativo podría reflejar los mayores costos monetarios y de tiempo de retirar transferencias de los cajeros automáticos durante la transición a los pagos digitales.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Full transfer receipt","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":9,"Study_ID":"ST-0004","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0004-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Mexico","Country_name_es":"México","Country_code":"MX","Title_en":"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program","Title_es":"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program","Study_en":"Marquez-Padilla and Parker 2024 (a)","Study_es":"Marquez-Padilla and Parker 2024","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Prospera, a conditional cash transfer program targeting rural low-income women in the state of Hidalgo","Context_es":"Beneficiarias de Prospera, un programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas dirigido a mujeres rurales de bajos ingresos en el estado de Hidalgo.","Intervention_en":"Transition from cash payments to bank deposits (Prospera Digital)","Intervention_es":"Transición de pagos en efectivo a depósitos bancarios (Prospera Digital)","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"4361 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"4361 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"150 communities (2 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"150 comunidades (2 grupos de tratamiento y 1 grupo de control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of returning to collect full cash transfer","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de tener que regresar a cobrar el importe total del CCT","Effect":"21.9","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/726538","Reference_en":"Marquez-Padilla, Fernanda, and Susan W. Parker. 2024. \"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 73 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/726538.","Reference_es":"Marquez-Padilla, Fernanda, and Susan W. Parker. 2024. \"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 73 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/726538.","Notes_en":"Authors suggest the negative effect may reflect higher monetary and time costs of withdrawing transfers from ATMs during the transition to digital payments.","Notes_es":"Los autores sugieren que el efecto negativo podría reflejar los mayores costos monetarios y de tiempo de retirar transferencias de los cajeros automáticos durante la transición a los pagos digitales.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Repeat collection visit","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":3},{"_id":10,"Study_ID":"ST-0005","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0005-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Mexico","Country_name_es":"México","Country_code":"MX","Title_en":"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program","Title_es":"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program","Study_en":"Marquez-Padilla and Parker 2024 (b)","Study_es":"Marquez-Padilla and Parker 2024","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Prospera, a conditional cash transfer program targeting rural low-income women in the state of Hidalgo","Context_es":"Beneficiarias de Prospera, un programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas dirigido a mujeres rurales de bajos ingresos en el estado de Hidalgo.","Intervention_en":"Transition from cash payments to bank deposits (Prospera Digital) + SMS messages to support the transition to using financial services","Intervention_es":"Transición de pagos en efectivo a depósitos bancarios (Prospera Digital) + mensajes SMS para apoyar la transición al uso de servicios financieros","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"4367 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"4367 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"150 communities (2 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"150 comunidades (2 grupos de tratamiento y 1 grupo de control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving cash transfer","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir el pago","Effect":"-1.1","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/726538","Reference_en":"Marquez-Padilla, Fernanda, and Susan W. Parker. 2024. \"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 73 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/726538.","Reference_es":"Marquez-Padilla, Fernanda, and Susan W. Parker. 2024. \"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 73 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/726538.","Notes_en":"Authors suggest the negative effect may reflect higher monetary and time costs of withdrawing transfers from ATMs during the transition to digital payments.","Notes_es":"Los autores sugieren que el efecto negativo podría reflejar los mayores costos monetarios y de tiempo de retirar transferencias de los cajeros automáticos durante la transición a los pagos digitales.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Cash-transfer receipt","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":4},{"_id":11,"Study_ID":"ST-0005","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0005-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Mexico","Country_name_es":"México","Country_code":"MX","Title_en":"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program","Title_es":"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program","Study_en":"Marquez-Padilla and Parker 2024 (b)","Study_es":"Marquez-Padilla and Parker 2024","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Prospera, a conditional cash transfer program targeting rural low-income women in the state of Hidalgo","Context_es":"Beneficiarias de Prospera, un programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas dirigido a mujeres rurales de bajos ingresos en el estado de Hidalgo.","Intervention_en":"Transition from cash payments to bank deposits (Prospera Digital) + SMS messages to support the transition to using financial services","Intervention_es":"Transición de pagos en efectivo a depósitos bancarios (Prospera Digital) + mensajes SMS para apoyar la transición al uso de servicios financieros","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"4345 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"4345 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"150 communities (2 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"150 comunidades (2 grupos de tratamiento y 1 grupo de control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving full cash transfer","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir el monto total del CCT","Effect":"-16.5","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/726538","Reference_en":"Marquez-Padilla, Fernanda, and Susan W. Parker. 2024. \"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 73 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/726538.","Reference_es":"Marquez-Padilla, Fernanda, and Susan W. Parker. 2024. \"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 73 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/726538.","Notes_en":"Authors suggest the negative effect may reflect higher monetary and time costs of withdrawing transfers from ATMs during the transition to digital payments.","Notes_es":"Los autores sugieren que el efecto negativo podría reflejar los mayores costos monetarios y de tiempo de retirar transferencias de los cajeros automáticos durante la transición a los pagos digitales.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Full transfer receipt","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":5},{"_id":12,"Study_ID":"ST-0005","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0005-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Mexico","Country_name_es":"México","Country_code":"MX","Title_en":"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program","Title_es":"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program","Study_en":"Marquez-Padilla and Parker 2024 (b)","Study_es":"Marquez-Padilla and Parker 2024","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Prospera, a conditional cash transfer program targeting rural low-income women in the state of Hidalgo","Context_es":"Beneficiarias de Prospera, un programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas dirigido a mujeres rurales de bajos ingresos en el estado de Hidalgo.","Intervention_en":"Transition from cash payments to bank deposits (Prospera Digital) + SMS messages to support the transition to using financial services","Intervention_es":"Transición de pagos en efectivo a depósitos bancarios (Prospera Digital) + mensajes SMS para apoyar la transición al uso de servicios financieros","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"4361 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"4361 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"150 communities (2 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"150 comunidades (2 grupos de tratamiento y 1 grupo de control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of returning to collect full cash transfer","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de tener que regresar a cobrar el importe total del CCT","Effect":"28.1","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/726538","Reference_en":"Marquez-Padilla, Fernanda, and Susan W. Parker. 2024. \"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 73 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/726538.","Reference_es":"Marquez-Padilla, Fernanda, and Susan W. Parker. 2024. \"The Leaky Bucket: Transition Costs from Cash to Deposits in a Mexican Transfer Program.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 73 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/726538.","Notes_en":"Authors suggest the negative effect may reflect higher monetary and time costs of withdrawing transfers from ATMs during the transition to digital payments.","Notes_es":"Los autores sugieren que el efecto negativo podría reflejar los mayores costos monetarios y de tiempo de retirar transferencias de los cajeros automáticos durante la transición a los pagos digitales.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Repeat collection visit","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":6},{"_id":13,"Study_ID":"ST-0006","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0006-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Improving Last-Mile Service Delivery Using Phone-Based Monitoring","Title_es":"Improving Last-Mile Service Delivery Using Phone-Based Monitoring","Study_en":"Muralidharan et al. 2021","Study_es":"Muralidharan et al. 2021","Context_en":"Landholding farmers eligible for the Rythu Bandhu Scheme (RBS) in Telangana state: large-scale unconditional agricultural cash transfer program distributing physical checks prior to monsoon season","Context_es":"Agricultores con tierras en el estado de Telangana que cumplen los requisitos para el programa Rythu Bandhu (RBS): programa de transferencias monetarias agrícolas a gran escala, sin condiciones, que distribuye cheques físicos antes de la temporada de monzones.","Intervention_en":"Phone-based monitoring: officials were informed that program implementation would be  measured via calls with beneficiaries and generate performance reports visible to them and supervisors","Intervention_es":"Monitoreo telefónico: se informó a los funcionarios que la implementación del programa se mediría a través de llamadas con los beneficiarios y generaría informes de desempeño visibles para ellos y sus supervisores.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital government monitoring and transparency systems","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Sistemas digitales de monitoreo gubernamental y transparencia","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"5645937 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"5645937 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"498 MAOs (Mandal Agricultural Officers)  (122 treatment and 376 control)","Randomization_es":"498 MAO (Oficiales Agrícolas de Mandal) (122 tratamiento y 376 control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of on-time transfer receipt","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recepción de transferencia a tiempo","Effect":"2.4","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"3.6  cents for each additional dollar delivered.","Cost_es":"3.6 centavos por cada dólar adicional entregado.","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.20190783","Reference_en":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, Sandip Sukhtankar, and Jeffrey Weaver. 2021. “Improving Last-Mile Service Delivery Using Phone-Based Monitoring.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13 (2): 52–82. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20190783","Reference_es":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, Sandip Sukhtankar, and Jeffrey Weaver. 2021. “Improving Last-Mile Service Delivery Using Phone-Based Monitoring.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13 (2): 52–82. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20190783","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"On-time transfer receipt","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":14,"Study_ID":"ST-0006","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0006-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Improving Last-Mile Service Delivery Using Phone-Based Monitoring","Title_es":"Improving Last-Mile Service Delivery Using Phone-Based Monitoring","Study_en":"Muralidharan et al. 2021","Study_es":"Muralidharan et al. 2021","Context_en":"Landholding farmers eligible for the Rythu Bandhu Scheme (RBS) in Telangana state: large-scale unconditional agricultural cash transfer program distributing physical checks prior to monsoon season","Context_es":"Agricultores con tierras en el estado de Telangana que cumplen los requisitos para el programa Rythu Bandhu (RBS): programa de transferencias monetarias agrícolas a gran escala, sin condiciones, que distribuye cheques físicos antes de la temporada de monzones.","Intervention_en":"Phone-based monitoring: officials were informed that program implementation would be  measured via calls with beneficiaries and generate performance reports visible to them and supervisors","Intervention_es":"Monitoreo telefónico: se informó a los funcionarios que la implementación del programa se mediría a través de llamadas con los beneficiarios y generaría informes de desempeño visibles para ellos y sus supervisores.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital government monitoring and transparency systems","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Sistemas digitales de monitoreo gubernamental y transparencia","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"5645937 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"5645937 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"498 MAOs (Mandal Agricultural Officers)  (122 treatment and 376 control)","Randomization_es":"498 MAO (Oficiales Agrícolas de Mandal) (122 tratamiento y 376 control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of ever receiving the transfer","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir la transferencia alguna vez","Effect":"1.3","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"3.6  cents for each additional dollar delivered.","Cost_es":"3.6 centavos por cada dólar adicional entregado.","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.20190783","Reference_en":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, Sandip Sukhtankar, and Jeffrey Weaver. 2021. “Improving Last-Mile Service Delivery Using Phone-Based Monitoring.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13 (2): 52–82. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20190783","Reference_es":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, Sandip Sukhtankar, and Jeffrey Weaver. 2021. “Improving Last-Mile Service Delivery Using Phone-Based Monitoring.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13 (2): 52–82. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20190783","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Ever-received transfer","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":15,"Study_ID":"ST-0007","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0007-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"E-governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India","Title_es":"E-governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India","Study_en":"Banerjee et al. 2020","Study_es":"Banerjee et al. 2020","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of MGNREGS (workfare program guaranteeing 100 days of rural employment)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios del MGNREGS (programa de trabajo que garantiza 100 días de empleo rural).","Intervention_en":"Just-in-time e-invoicing replaced advance payments: funds released automatically on electronic entry of worker details, cutting intermediate administrative tiers (MGNREGS/CPSMS fund-flow reform)","Intervention_es":"Sustitución de los pagos anticipados por un sistema de facturación electrónica justo a tiempo: los fondos se liberan automáticamente al ingresar electrónicamente los datos del trabajador, eliminando los niveles administrativos intermedios (reforma del flujo de fondos de MGNREGS / CPSMS).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital government monitoring and transparency systems","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Sistemas digitales de monitoreo gubernamental y transparencia","Year_intervention":2012,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3025 Gram Panchayat","Observations_es":"3025 consejos de aldea (Gram Panchayats)","Randomization_en":"195 blocks (69 treatment and 126 control)","Randomization_es":"195 bloques (69 en tratamiento y 126 en control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Program expenditures","Outcome_ind_es":"Débito total de las cuentas de ahorro de GP (gasto del programa)","Effect":"-24","Unit_measurement_en":"Percent","Unit_measurement_es":"Porcentaje","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302.","Reference_en":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, Clément Imbert, Santhosh Mathew, and Rohini Pande. 2020. “E-Governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12 (4): 39–72. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302","Reference_es":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, Clément Imbert, Santhosh Mathew, and Rohini Pande. 2020. “E-Governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12 (4): 39–72. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Program expenditures","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"%","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":16,"Study_ID":"ST-0007","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0007-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"E-governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India","Title_es":"E-governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India","Study_en":"Banerjee et al. 2020","Study_es":"Banerjee et al. 2020","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of MGNREGS (workfare program guaranteeing 100 days of rural employment)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios del MGNREGS (programa de trabajo que garantiza 100 días de empleo rural).","Intervention_en":"Just-in-time e-invoicing replaced advance payments: funds released automatically on electronic entry of worker details, cutting intermediate administrative tiers (MGNREGS/CPSMS fund-flow reform)","Intervention_es":"Sustitución de los pagos anticipados por un sistema de facturación electrónica justo a tiempo: los fondos se liberan automáticamente al ingresar electrónicamente los datos del trabajador, eliminando los niveles administrativos intermedios (reforma del flujo de fondos de MGNREGS / CPSMS).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital government monitoring and transparency systems","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Sistemas digitales de monitoreo gubernamental y transparencia","Year_intervention":2012,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3083 Gram Panchayat","Observations_es":"3083 consejos de aldea (Gram Panchayats)","Randomization_en":"195 blocks (69 treatment and 126 control)","Randomization_es":"195 bloques (69 en tratamiento y 126 en control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Ghost worker share (unmatched beneficiaries)","Outcome_ind_es":"Fracción de trabajadores fantasma (beneficiarios no coincidentes)","Effect":"-5","Unit_measurement_en":"Percent","Unit_measurement_es":"Porcentaje","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302.","Reference_en":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, Clément Imbert, Santhosh Mathew, and Rohini Pande. 2020. “E-Governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12 (4): 39–72. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302","Reference_es":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, Clément Imbert, Santhosh Mathew, and Rohini Pande. 2020. “E-Governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12 (4): 39–72. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Ghost workers","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"%","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":17,"Study_ID":"ST-0007","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0007-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"E-governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India","Title_es":"E-governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India","Study_en":"Banerjee et al. 2020","Study_es":"Banerjee et al. 2020","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of MGNREGS (workfare program guaranteeing 100 days of rural employment)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios del MGNREGS (programa de trabajo que garantiza 100 días de empleo rural).","Intervention_en":"Just-in-time e-invoicing replaced advance payments: funds released automatically on electronic entry of worker details, cutting intermediate administrative tiers (MGNREGS/CPSMS fund-flow reform)","Intervention_es":"Sustitución de los pagos anticipados por un sistema de facturación electrónica justo a tiempo: los fondos se liberan automáticamente al ingresar electrónicamente los datos del trabajador, eliminando los niveles administrativos intermedios (reforma del flujo de fondos de MGNREGS / CPSMS).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital government monitoring and transparency systems","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Sistemas digitales de monitoreo gubernamental y transparencia","Year_intervention":2012,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"2453 Officials","Observations_es":"2453 oficiales","Randomization_en":"195 blocks (69 treatment and 126 control)","Randomization_es":"195 bloques (69 en tratamiento y 126 en control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Median movable assets declared by officials","Outcome_ind_es":"Activos móviles medios declarados por funcionarios de bloques y GP de MGNREGS (efectivo, depósitos bancarios, joyas, vehículos)","Effect":"-10","Unit_measurement_en":"Percent","Unit_measurement_es":"Porcentaje","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302.","Reference_en":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, Clément Imbert, Santhosh Mathew, and Rohini Pande. 2020. “E-Governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12 (4): 39–72. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302","Reference_es":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, Clément Imbert, Santhosh Mathew, and Rohini Pande. 2020. “E-Governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12 (4): 39–72. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302","Notes_en":"Fall in program officials' personal wealth.","Notes_es":"Disminución en la riqueza personal de los funcionarios del programa.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Declared movable assets","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"%","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":3},{"_id":18,"Study_ID":"ST-0007","Instance_ID":"IN-004","Record_ID":"ST-0007-004","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"E-governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India","Title_es":"E-governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India","Study_en":"Banerjee et al. 2020","Study_es":"Banerjee et al. 2020","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of MGNREGS (workfare program guaranteeing 100 days of rural employment)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios del MGNREGS (programa de trabajo que garantiza 100 días de empleo rural).","Intervention_en":"Just-in-time e-invoicing replaced advance payments: funds released automatically on electronic entry of worker details, cutting intermediate administrative tiers (MGNREGS/CPSMS fund-flow reform)","Intervention_es":"Sustitución de los pagos anticipados por un sistema de facturación electrónica justo a tiempo: los fondos se liberan automáticamente al ingresar electrónicamente los datos del trabajador, eliminando los niveles administrativos intermedios (reforma del flujo de fondos de MGNREGS / CPSMS).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital government monitoring and transparency systems","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Sistemas digitales de monitoreo gubernamental y transparencia","Year_intervention":2012,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"195 Blocks","Observations_es":"195 bloques (administrativos)","Randomization_en":"195 blocks (69 treatment and 126 control)","Randomization_es":"195 bloques (69 en tratamiento y 126 en control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Household MGNREGS participation","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de participación en el programa (autoinformada, encuesta a hogares)","Effect":"0.89","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.1","Significance_es":"0.1","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302.","Reference_en":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, Clément Imbert, Santhosh Mathew, and Rohini Pande. 2020. “E-Governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12 (4): 39–72. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302","Reference_es":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, Clément Imbert, Santhosh Mathew, and Rohini Pande. 2020. “E-Governance, Accountability, and Leakage in Public Programs: Experimental Evidence from a Financial Management Reform in India.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12 (4): 39–72. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302","Notes_en":"Administrative data shows -9.7% in registered workers, but household survey shows positive participation — divergence interpreted as evidence of ghost worker removal. Survey sample is small due to low program participation (~3%), estimates are imprecise.","Notes_es":"Los datos administrativos muestran un -9,7% en trabajadores registrados, pero la encuesta de hogares muestra una participación positiva, una divergencia interpretada como evidencia de la eliminación de trabajadores fantasma. La muestra de la encuesta es pequeña debido a la baja participación en el programa (~3%), por lo que las estimaciones son imprecisas.","Outcome_abbr_en":"MGNREGS participation","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":4},{"_id":19,"Study_ID":"ST-0008","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0008-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals","Title_es":"The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals","Study_en":"Hernández Romero et al. 2024","Study_es":"Hernández Romero et al. 2024","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Ingreso Solidario, an unconditional cash transfer program targeting poor and vulnerable households","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de Ingreso Solidario, un programa de transferencias monetarias sin condiciones dirigido a hogares pobres y vulnerables.","Intervention_en":"Phone-call encouragement campaign inviting cash-transfer beneficiaries to open a simplified digital bank account and switch from cash pickup to direct deposit, with step-by-step guided assistance","Intervention_es":"Intervención de fomento (SMS + llamadas telefónicas) para abrir cuentas bancarias digitales simplificadas y cambiar la modalidad de transferencia de efectivo a depósito directo; incluyó asistencia paso a paso y orientación de seguimiento.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"17595 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"17595 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"17711 beneficiaries","Randomization_es":"17711 beneficiarios","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of ever receiving at least one transfer via direct deposit","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir al menos una transferencia alguna vez por depósito directo","Effect":"7.3","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Direct deposit reduces transaction costs by 21% relative to cash payment for each successful payment.","Cost_es":"El depósito directo reduce los costos de transacción en un 21% en comparación con el pago en efectivo por cada pago exitoso.","Link":"https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Reference_en":"Hernández Romero, Karla, Diego A. Vera-Cossio, Bridget Hoffmann, and Camilo Pecha. 2024. The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-Income Individuals. IDB-WP-1568. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist. https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Reference_es":"Hernández Romero, Karla, Diego A. Vera-Cossio, Bridget Hoffmann, and Camilo Pecha. 2024. The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-Income Individuals. IDB-WP-1568. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist. https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Direct-deposit receipt","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":20,"Study_ID":"ST-0008","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0008-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals","Title_es":"The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals","Study_en":"Hernández Romero et al. 2024","Study_es":"Hernández Romero et al. 2024","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Ingreso Solidario, an unconditional cash transfer program targeting poor and vulnerable households","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de Ingreso Solidario, un programa de transferencias monetarias sin condiciones dirigido a hogares pobres y vulnerables.","Intervention_en":"Phone-call encouragement campaign inviting cash-transfer beneficiaries to open a simplified digital bank account and switch from cash pickup to direct deposit, with step-by-step guided assistance","Intervention_es":"Intervención de fomento (SMS + llamadas telefónicas) para abrir cuentas bancarias digitales simplificadas y cambiar la modalidad de transferencia de efectivo a depósito directo; incluyó asistencia paso a paso y orientación de seguimiento.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"17595 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"17595 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"17711 beneficiaries","Randomization_es":"17711 beneficiarios","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving at least one transfer (ITT)","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir al menos una transferencia con éxito (ITT)","Effect":"1","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"Direct deposit reduces transaction costs by 21% relative to cash payment for each successful payment.","Cost_es":"El depósito directo reduce los costos de transacción en un 21% en comparación con el pago en efectivo por cada pago exitoso.","Link":"https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Reference_en":"Hernández Romero, Karla, Diego A. Vera-Cossio, Bridget Hoffmann, and Camilo Pecha. 2024. The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-Income Individuals. IDB-WP-1568. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist. https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Reference_es":"Hernández Romero, Karla, Diego A. Vera-Cossio, Bridget Hoffmann, and Camilo Pecha. 2024. The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-Income Individuals. IDB-WP-1568. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist. https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Transfer receipt (ITT)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":21,"Study_ID":"ST-0008","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0008-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals","Title_es":"The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals","Study_en":"Hernández Romero et al. 2024","Study_es":"Hernández Romero et al. 2024","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Ingreso Solidario, an unconditional cash transfer program targeting poor and vulnerable households","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de Ingreso Solidario, un programa de transferencias monetarias sin condiciones dirigido a hogares pobres y vulnerables.","Intervention_en":"Phone-call encouragement campaign inviting cash-transfer beneficiaries to open a simplified digital bank account and switch from cash pickup to direct deposit, with step-by-step guided assistance","Intervention_es":"Intervención de fomento (SMS + llamadas telefónicas) para abrir cuentas bancarias digitales simplificadas y cambiar la modalidad de transferencia de efectivo a depósito directo; incluyó asistencia paso a paso y orientación de seguimiento.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"17579 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"17579 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"17711 beneficiaries","Randomization_es":"17711 beneficiarios","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving at least one transfer (LATE)","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir al menos una transferencia con éxito (LATE)","Effect":"13.9","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"Direct deposit reduces transaction costs by 21% relative to cash payment for each successful payment.","Cost_es":"El depósito directo reduce los costos de transacción en un 21% en comparación con el pago en efectivo por cada pago exitoso.","Link":"https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Reference_en":"Hernández Romero, Karla, Diego A. Vera-Cossio, Bridget Hoffmann, and Camilo Pecha. 2024. The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-Income Individuals. IDB-WP-1568. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist. https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Reference_es":"Hernández Romero, Karla, Diego A. Vera-Cossio, Bridget Hoffmann, and Camilo Pecha. 2024. The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-Income Individuals. IDB-WP-1568. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist. https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Transfer receipt (LATE)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":3},{"_id":22,"Study_ID":"ST-0008","Instance_ID":"IN-004","Record_ID":"ST-0008-004","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals","Title_es":"The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals","Study_en":"Hernández Romero et al. 2024","Study_es":"Hernández Romero et al. 2024","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Ingreso Solidario, an unconditional cash transfer program targeting poor and vulnerable households","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de Ingreso Solidario, un programa de transferencias monetarias sin condiciones dirigido a hogares pobres y vulnerables.","Intervention_en":"Phone-call encouragement campaign inviting cash-transfer beneficiaries to open a simplified digital bank account and switch from cash pickup to direct deposit, with step-by-step guided assistance","Intervention_es":"Intervención de fomento (SMS + llamadas telefónicas) para abrir cuentas bancarias digitales simplificadas y cambiar la modalidad de transferencia de efectivo a depósito directo; incluyó asistencia paso a paso y orientación de seguimiento.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"17579 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"17579 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"17711 beneficiaries","Randomization_es":"17711 beneficiarios","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Total payments received (LATE)","Outcome_ind_es":"Número total de pagos recibidos con éxito (TARDE)","Effect":"2.37","Unit_measurement_en":"Number of payments","Unit_measurement_es":"Número de pagos","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Direct deposit reduces transaction costs by 21% relative to cash payment for each successful payment.","Cost_es":"El depósito directo reduce los costos de transacción en un 21% en comparación con el pago en efectivo por cada pago exitoso.","Link":"https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Reference_en":"Hernández Romero, Karla, Diego A. Vera-Cossio, Bridget Hoffmann, and Camilo Pecha. 2024. The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-Income Individuals. IDB-WP-1568. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist. https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Reference_es":"Hernández Romero, Karla, Diego A. Vera-Cossio, Bridget Hoffmann, and Camilo Pecha. 2024. The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-Income Individuals. IDB-WP-1568. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist. https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Payments received (LATE)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"No. of payments","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":4},{"_id":23,"Study_ID":"ST-0008","Instance_ID":"IN-005","Record_ID":"ST-0008-005","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals","Title_es":"The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals","Study_en":"Hernández Romero et al. 2024","Study_es":"Hernández Romero et al. 2024","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Ingreso Solidario, an unconditional cash transfer program targeting poor and vulnerable households","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de Ingreso Solidario, un programa de transferencias monetarias sin condiciones dirigido a hogares pobres y vulnerables.","Intervention_en":"Phone-call encouragement campaign inviting cash-transfer beneficiaries to open a simplified digital bank account and switch from cash pickup to direct deposit, with step-by-step guided assistance","Intervention_es":"Intervención de fomento (SMS + llamadas telefónicas) para abrir cuentas bancarias digitales simplificadas y cambiar la modalidad de transferencia de efectivo a depósito directo; incluyó asistencia paso a paso y orientación de seguimiento.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"17595 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"17595 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"17711 beneficiaries","Randomization_es":"17711 beneficiarios","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Total payments received (ITT)","Outcome_ind_es":"Número total de pagos recibidos con éxito (ITT)","Effect":"0.17","Unit_measurement_en":"Number of payments","Unit_measurement_es":"Número de pagos","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Direct deposit reduces transaction costs by 21% relative to cash payment for each successful payment.","Cost_es":"El depósito directo reduce los costos de transacción en un 21% en comparación con el pago en efectivo por cada pago exitoso.","Link":"https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Reference_en":"Hernández Romero, Karla, Diego A. Vera-Cossio, Bridget Hoffmann, and Camilo Pecha. 2024. The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-Income Individuals. IDB-WP-1568. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist. https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Reference_es":"Hernández Romero, Karla, Diego A. Vera-Cossio, Bridget Hoffmann, and Camilo Pecha. 2024. The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-Income Individuals. IDB-WP-1568. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist. https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Payments received (ITT)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"No. of payments","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":5},{"_id":24,"Study_ID":"ST-0008","Instance_ID":"IN-006","Record_ID":"ST-0008-006","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals","Title_es":"The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-income Individuals","Study_en":"Hernández Romero et al. 2024","Study_es":"Hernández Romero et al. 2024","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Ingreso Solidario, an unconditional cash transfer program targeting poor and vulnerable households","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de Ingreso Solidario, un programa de transferencias monetarias sin condiciones dirigido a hogares pobres y vulnerables.","Intervention_en":"Phone-call encouragement campaign inviting cash-transfer beneficiaries to open a simplified digital bank account and switch from cash pickup to direct deposit, with step-by-step guided assistance","Intervention_es":"Intervención de fomento (SMS + llamadas telefónicas) para abrir cuentas bancarias digitales simplificadas y cambiar la modalidad de transferencia de efectivo a depósito directo; incluyó asistencia paso a paso y orientación de seguimiento.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"17595 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"17595 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"17711 beneficiaries","Randomization_es":"17711 beneficiarios","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of losing program eligibility (ITT)","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de perder la elegibilidad para el programa (ITT)","Effect":"0","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"Direct deposit reduces transaction costs by 21% relative to cash payment for each successful payment.","Cost_es":"El depósito directo reduce los costos de transacción en un 21% en comparación con el pago en efectivo por cada pago exitoso.","Link":"https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Reference_en":"Hernández Romero, Karla, Diego A. Vera-Cossio, Bridget Hoffmann, and Camilo Pecha. 2024. The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-Income Individuals. IDB-WP-1568. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist. https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Reference_es":"Hernández Romero, Karla, Diego A. Vera-Cossio, Bridget Hoffmann, and Camilo Pecha. 2024. The Promises of Digital Bank Accounts for Low-Income Individuals. IDB-WP-1568. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Research and Chief Economist. https://publications.iadb.org/en/promises-digital-bank-accounts-low-income-individuals","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Eligibility loss (ITT)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":6},{"_id":25,"Study_ID":"ST-0009","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0009-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Indonesia","Country_name_es":"Indonesia","Country_code":"ID","Title_en":"Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia","Title_es":"Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia","Study_en":"Banerjee et al. 2023","Study_es":"Banerjee et al. 2023","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Rastra (in-kind rice program) and BPNT (electronic voucher program), targeted at poor and near-poor households (PMT score ≤ 30, approximately bottom 30% of population)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de Rastra (programa de arroz en especie) y BPNT (programa de vales electrónicos), dirigidos a hogares pobres y casi pobres (puntuación PMT ≤ 30, aproximadamente el 30% inferior de la población).","Intervention_en":"Randomized switch from in-kind rice distribution (Rastra) to electronic food voucher redeemable for rice and eggs at private agents via debit card (BPNT program)","Intervention_es":"Cambio aleatorio de la distribución de arroz en especie (Rastra) a vales electrónicos de alimentos canjeables por arroz y huevos en agentes privados a través de tarjeta de débito (programa BPNT)","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"66496 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"66496 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"105 districts (42 treatment and 63 control)","Randomization_es":"105 distritos (42 tratamiento y 63 control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving any assistance","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir cualquier tipo de asistencia","Effect":"-13.4","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"2.1% of benefits disbursed (full cost assumption); 0.74% (marginal cost, assuming agents already had card-reading machines for other transactions)","Cost_es":"2.1% de los beneficios desembolsados (asunción de costo total); 0.74% (costo marginal, asumiendo que los agentes ya tenían máquinas lectoras de tarjetas para otras transacciones)","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20210461","Reference_en":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan, and Sudarno Sumarto. 2023. “Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia.” American Economic Review 113 (2): 514–547. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210461","Reference_es":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan, and Sudarno Sumarto. 2023. “Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia.” American Economic Review 113 (2): 514–547. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210461","Notes_en":"Although the total subsidy amount remained unchanged, the intervention led to substantial increases in subsidies received by eligible households and declines among ineligible households","Notes_es":"Aunque el monto total de la subvención se mantuvo sin cambios, la intervención condujo a aumentos sustanciales en las subvenciones recibidas por los hogares elegibles y a disminuciones entre los hogares no elegibles.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Assistance receipt","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":26,"Study_ID":"ST-0009","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0009-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Indonesia","Country_name_es":"Indonesia","Country_code":"ID","Title_en":"Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia","Title_es":"Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia","Study_en":"Banerjee et al. 2023","Study_es":"Banerjee et al. 2023","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Rastra (in-kind rice program) and BPNT (electronic voucher program), targeted at poor and near-poor households (PMT score ≤ 30, approximately bottom 30% of population)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de Rastra (programa de arroz en especie) y BPNT (programa de vales electrónicos), dirigidos a hogares pobres y casi pobres (puntuación PMT ≤ 30, aproximadamente el 30% inferior de la población).","Intervention_en":"Randomized switch from in-kind rice distribution (Rastra) to electronic food voucher redeemable for rice and eggs at private agents via debit card (BPNT program)","Intervention_es":"Cambio aleatorio de la distribución de arroz en especie (Rastra) a vales electrónicos de alimentos canjeables por arroz y huevos en agentes privados a través de tarjeta de débito (programa BPNT)","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"16329 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"16329 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"105 districts (42 treatment and 63 control)","Randomization_es":"105 distritos (42 tratamiento y 63 control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of subsidy receipt (targeted households)","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir cualquier subsidio — hogares focalizados (PMT ≤ 30)","Effect":"-10.5","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"2.1% of benefits disbursed (full cost assumption); 0.74% (marginal cost, assuming agents already had card-reading machines for other transactions)","Cost_es":"2.1% de los beneficios desembolsados (asunción de costo total); 0.74% (costo marginal, asumiendo que los agentes ya tenían máquinas lectoras de tarjetas para otras transacciones)","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20210461","Reference_en":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan, and Sudarno Sumarto. 2023. “Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia.” American Economic Review 113 (2): 514–547. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210461","Reference_es":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan, and Sudarno Sumarto. 2023. “Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia.” American Economic Review 113 (2): 514–547. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210461","Notes_en":"Although the total subsidy amount remained unchanged, the intervention led to substantial increases in subsidies received by eligible households and declines among ineligible households","Notes_es":"Aunque el monto total de la subvención se mantuvo sin cambios, la intervención condujo a aumentos sustanciales en las subvenciones recibidas por los hogares elegibles y a disminuciones entre los hogares no elegibles.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Subsidy receipt (targeted)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":27,"Study_ID":"ST-0009","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0009-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Indonesia","Country_name_es":"Indonesia","Country_code":"ID","Title_en":"Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia","Title_es":"Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia","Study_en":"Banerjee et al. 2023","Study_es":"Banerjee et al. 2023","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Rastra (in-kind rice program) and BPNT (electronic voucher program), targeted at poor and near-poor households (PMT score ≤ 30, approximately bottom 30% of population)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de Rastra (programa de arroz en especie) y BPNT (programa de vales electrónicos), dirigidos a hogares pobres y casi pobres (puntuación PMT ≤ 30, aproximadamente el 30% inferior de la población).","Intervention_en":"Randomized switch from in-kind rice distribution (Rastra) to electronic food voucher redeemable for rice and eggs at private agents via debit card (BPNT program)","Intervention_es":"Cambio aleatorio de la distribución de arroz en especie (Rastra) a vales electrónicos de alimentos canjeables por arroz y huevos en agentes privados a través de tarjeta de débito (programa BPNT)","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"49566 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"49566 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"105 districts (42 treatment and 63 control)","Randomization_es":"105 distritos (42 tratamiento y 63 control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of subsidy receipt (non-targeted households)","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir cualquier subsidio — hogares no focalizados (PMT > 30)","Effect":"-14.5","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"2.1% of benefits disbursed (full cost assumption); 0.74% (marginal cost, assuming agents already had card-reading machines for other transactions)","Cost_es":"2.1% de los beneficios desembolsados (asunción de costo total); 0.74% (costo marginal, asumiendo que los agentes ya tenían máquinas lectoras de tarjetas para otras transacciones)","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20210461","Reference_en":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan, and Sudarno Sumarto. 2023. “Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia.” American Economic Review 113 (2): 514–547. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210461","Reference_es":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan, and Sudarno Sumarto. 2023. “Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia.” American Economic Review 113 (2): 514–547. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210461","Notes_en":"Although the total subsidy amount remained unchanged, the intervention led to substantial increases in subsidies received by eligible households and declines among ineligible households","Notes_es":"Aunque el monto total de la subvención se mantuvo sin cambios, la intervención condujo a aumentos sustanciales en las subvenciones recibidas por los hogares elegibles y a disminuciones entre los hogares no elegibles.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Subsidy receipt (non-targeted)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":3},{"_id":28,"Study_ID":"ST-0009","Instance_ID":"IN-004","Record_ID":"ST-0009-004","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Indonesia","Country_name_es":"Indonesia","Country_code":"ID","Title_en":"Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia","Title_es":"Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia","Study_en":"Banerjee et al. 2023","Study_es":"Banerjee et al. 2023","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Rastra (in-kind rice program) and BPNT (electronic voucher program), targeted at poor and near-poor households (PMT score ≤ 30, approximately bottom 30% of population)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de Rastra (programa de arroz en especie) y BPNT (programa de vales electrónicos), dirigidos a hogares pobres y casi pobres (puntuación PMT ≤ 30, aproximadamente el 30% inferior de la población).","Intervention_en":"Randomized switch from in-kind rice distribution (Rastra) to electronic food voucher redeemable for rice and eggs at private agents via debit card (BPNT program)","Intervention_es":"Cambio aleatorio de la distribución de arroz en especie (Rastra) a vales electrónicos de alimentos canjeables por arroz y huevos en agentes privados a través de tarjeta de débito (programa BPNT)","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"16329 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"16329 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"105 districts (42 treatment and 63 control)","Randomization_es":"105 distritos (42 tratamiento y 63 control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Subsidy received (targeted households)","Outcome_ind_es":"Subsidio recibido (hogares objetivo)","Effect":"46","Unit_measurement_en":"Percent","Unit_measurement_es":"Porcentaje","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"2.1% of benefits disbursed (full cost assumption); 0.74% (marginal cost, assuming agents already had card-reading machines for other transactions)","Cost_es":"2.1% de los beneficios desembolsados (asunción de costo total); 0.74% (costo marginal, asumiendo que los agentes ya tenían máquinas lectoras de tarjetas para otras transacciones)","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20210461","Reference_en":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan, and Sudarno Sumarto. 2023. “Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia.” American Economic Review 113 (2): 514–547. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210461","Reference_es":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan, and Sudarno Sumarto. 2023. “Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia.” American Economic Review 113 (2): 514–547. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210461","Notes_en":"Although the total subsidy amount remained unchanged, the intervention led to substantial increases in subsidies received by eligible households and declines among ineligible households","Notes_es":"Aunque el monto total de la subvención se mantuvo sin cambios, la intervención condujo a aumentos sustanciales en las subvenciones recibidas por los hogares elegibles y a disminuciones entre los hogares no elegibles.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Subsidy received (targeted)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"%","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":4},{"_id":29,"Study_ID":"ST-0009","Instance_ID":"IN-005","Record_ID":"ST-0009-005","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Indonesia","Country_name_es":"Indonesia","Country_code":"ID","Title_en":"Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia","Title_es":"Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia","Study_en":"Banerjee et al. 2023","Study_es":"Banerjee et al. 2023","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Rastra (in-kind rice program) and BPNT (electronic voucher program), targeted at poor and near-poor households (PMT score ≤ 30, approximately bottom 30% of population)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de Rastra (programa de arroz en especie) y BPNT (programa de vales electrónicos), dirigidos a hogares pobres y casi pobres (puntuación PMT ≤ 30, aproximadamente el 30% inferior de la población).","Intervention_en":"Randomized switch from in-kind rice distribution (Rastra) to electronic food voucher redeemable for rice and eggs at private agents via debit card (BPNT program)","Intervention_es":"Cambio aleatorio de la distribución de arroz en especie (Rastra) a vales electrónicos de alimentos canjeables por arroz y huevos en agentes privados a través de tarjeta de débito (programa BPNT)","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"49566 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"49566 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"105 districts (42 treatment and 63 control)","Randomization_es":"105 distritos (42 tratamiento y 63 control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Subsidy received (non-targeted households)","Outcome_ind_es":"Subsidio recibido (hogares no focalizados)","Effect":"-28","Unit_measurement_en":"Percent","Unit_measurement_es":"Porcentaje","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"2.1% of benefits disbursed (full cost assumption); 0.74% (marginal cost, assuming agents already had card-reading machines for other transactions)","Cost_es":"2.1% de los beneficios desembolsados (asunción de costo total); 0.74% (costo marginal, asumiendo que los agentes ya tenían máquinas lectoras de tarjetas para otras transacciones)","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20210461","Reference_en":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan, and Sudarno Sumarto. 2023. “Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia.” American Economic Review 113 (2): 514–547. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210461","Reference_es":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan, and Sudarno Sumarto. 2023. “Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia.” American Economic Review 113 (2): 514–547. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210461","Notes_en":"Although the total subsidy amount remained unchanged, the intervention led to substantial increases in subsidies received by eligible households and declines among ineligible households","Notes_es":"Aunque el monto total de la subvención se mantuvo sin cambios, la intervención condujo a aumentos sustanciales en las subvenciones recibidas por los hogares elegibles y a disminuciones entre los hogares no elegibles.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Subsidy received (non-targeted)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"%","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":5},{"_id":30,"Study_ID":"ST-0009","Instance_ID":"IN-006","Record_ID":"ST-0009-006","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Indonesia","Country_name_es":"Indonesia","Country_code":"ID","Title_en":"Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia","Title_es":"Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia","Study_en":"Banerjee et al. 2023","Study_es":"Banerjee et al. 2023","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of Rastra (in-kind rice program) and BPNT (electronic voucher program), targeted at poor and near-poor households (PMT score ≤ 30, approximately bottom 30% of population)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios de Rastra (programa de arroz en especie) y BPNT (programa de vales electrónicos), dirigidos a hogares pobres y casi pobres (puntuación PMT ≤ 30, aproximadamente el 30% inferior de la población).","Intervention_en":"Randomized switch from in-kind rice distribution (Rastra) to electronic food voucher redeemable for rice and eggs at private agents via debit card (BPNT program)","Intervention_es":"Cambio aleatorio de la distribución de arroz en especie (Rastra) a vales electrónicos de alimentos canjeables por arroz y huevos en agentes privados a través de tarjeta de débito (programa BPNT)","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"105 districts","Observations_es":"105 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"105 districts (42 treatment and 63 control)","Randomization_es":"105 distritos (42 tratamiento y 63 control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Subsidy leakage","Outcome_ind_es":"Fuga (Subsidio recibido/subsidio previsto)","Effect":"-0.018","Unit_measurement_en":"Ratio","Unit_measurement_es":"Ratio","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"2.1% of benefits disbursed (full cost assumption); 0.74% (marginal cost, assuming agents already had card-reading machines for other transactions)","Cost_es":"2.1% de los beneficios desembolsados (asunción de costo total); 0.74% (costo marginal, asumiendo que los agentes ya tenían máquinas lectoras de tarjetas para otras transacciones)","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20210461","Reference_en":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan, and Sudarno Sumarto. 2023. “Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia.” American Economic Review 113 (2): 514–547. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210461","Reference_es":"Banerjee, Abhijit, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Elan Satriawan, and Sudarno Sumarto. 2023. “Electronic Food Vouchers: Evidence from an At-Scale Experiment in Indonesia.” American Economic Review 113 (2): 514–547. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20210461","Notes_en":"Although the total subsidy amount remained unchanged, the intervention led to substantial increases in subsidies received by eligible households and declines among ineligible households","Notes_es":"Aunque el monto total de la subvención se mantuvo sin cambios, la intervención condujo a aumentos sustanciales en las subvenciones recibidas por los hogares elegibles y a disminuciones entre los hogares no elegibles.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Subsidy leakage","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"Ratio","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":6},{"_id":31,"Study_ID":"ST-0010","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0010-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?","Title_es":"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?","Study_en":"Blanco and Vargas 2014","Study_es":"Blanco and Vargas 2014","Context_en":"Conflict-driven internally displaced households (IDPs) included in the RUPD registry who arrived to Bogotá (Q4 2009-early 2010), eligible for “Emergency Humanitarian Help” benefits","Context_es":"Hogares desplazados internamente por el conflicto, registrados en el RUPD, que llegaron a Bogotá entre el cuarto trimestre de 2009 y comienzos de 2010, y que cumplen los requisitos para recibir beneficios de \"Ayuda Humanitaria de Emergencia\".","Intervention_en":"SMS informing households they were included in the RUPD and instructing them to go to the nearest Attention and Orientation Unit for more information about benefits eligibility","Intervention_es":"SMS informando a los hogares que fueron incluidos en el RUPD e instruyéndolos a ir a la Unidad de Atención y Orientación más cercana para obtener más información sobre la elegibilidad para los beneficios.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2009,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"218 households","Observations_es":"218 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"218 households (109 treatment, 109 control)","Randomization_es":"218 hogares (109 tratamiento y 109 control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving any benefit (LATE)","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir al menos uno de los beneficios (atención médica, vivienda, suministros, alimentos) (LATE)","Effect":"11.7","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.1","Significance_es":"0.1","Cost_en":"The information strategy was virtually costless","Cost_es":"La estrategia de información fue prácticamente gratuita.","Link":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/peps-2013-0060/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOoqRS2vlSxBhPPmUgKdAR_qqsqU3_4JHMMATtLsYJAUv9X67a_3A","Reference_en":"Blanco, Mariana, and Juan F. Vargas. 2014. \"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?\" Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20 (1): 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0060.","Reference_es":"Blanco, Mariana, and Juan F. Vargas. 2014. \"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?\" Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20 (1): 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0060.","Notes_en":"The authors estimate treatment effects using IV (Wald estimator) to account for non-compliance, as some households assigned to treatment did not receive the SMS. revisar si cambio el nombre de la variable","Notes_es":"Los autores estiman los efectos del tratamiento utilizando IV (estimador de Wald) para tener en cuenta el incumplimiento, ya que algunos hogares asignados al tratamiento no recibieron el SMS. revisar si cambió el nombre de la variable","Outcome_abbr_en":"Benefit receipt (LATE)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":32,"Study_ID":"ST-0010","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0010-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?","Title_es":"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?","Study_en":"Blanco and Vargas 2014","Study_es":"Blanco and Vargas 2014","Context_en":"Conflict-driven internally displaced households (IDPs) included in the RUPD registry who arrived to Bogotá (Q4 2009-early 2010), eligible for “Emergency Humanitarian Help” benefits","Context_es":"Hogares desplazados internamente por el conflicto, registrados en el RUPD, que llegaron a Bogotá entre el cuarto trimestre de 2009 y comienzos de 2010, y que cumplen los requisitos para recibir beneficios de \"Ayuda Humanitaria de Emergencia\".","Intervention_en":"SMS informing households they were included in the RUPD and instructing them to go to the nearest Attention and Orientation Unit for more information about benefits eligibility","Intervention_es":"SMS informando a los hogares que fueron incluidos en el RUPD e instruyéndolos a ir a la Unidad de Atención y Orientación más cercana para obtener más información sobre la elegibilidad para los beneficios.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2009,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"218 households","Observations_es":"218 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"218 households (109 treatment, 109 control)","Randomization_es":"218 hogares (109 tratamiento y 109 control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving medical care (LATE)","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir atención médica (TARDE)","Effect":"15.2","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.1","Significance_es":"0.1","Cost_en":"The information strategy was virtually costless","Cost_es":"La estrategia de información fue prácticamente gratuita.","Link":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/peps-2013-0060/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOoqRS2vlSxBhPPmUgKdAR_qqsqU3_4JHMMATtLsYJAUv9X67a_3A","Reference_en":"Blanco, Mariana, and Juan F. Vargas. 2014. \"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?\" Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20 (1): 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0060.","Reference_es":"Blanco, Mariana, and Juan F. Vargas. 2014. \"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?\" Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20 (1): 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0060.","Notes_en":"The authors estimate treatment effects using IV (Wald estimator) to account for non-compliance, as some households assigned to treatment did not receive the SMS. revisar si cambio el nombre de la variable","Notes_es":"Los autores estiman los efectos del tratamiento utilizando IV (estimador de Wald) para tener en cuenta el incumplimiento, ya que algunos hogares asignados al tratamiento no recibieron el SMS. revisar si cambió el nombre de la variable","Outcome_abbr_en":"Medical care (LATE)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":33,"Study_ID":"ST-0010","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0010-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?","Title_es":"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?","Study_en":"Blanco and Vargas 2014","Study_es":"Blanco and Vargas 2014","Context_en":"Conflict-driven internally displaced households (IDPs) included in the RUPD registry who arrived to Bogotá (Q4 2009-early 2010), eligible for “Emergency Humanitarian Help” benefits","Context_es":"Hogares desplazados internamente por el conflicto, registrados en el RUPD, que llegaron a Bogotá entre el cuarto trimestre de 2009 y comienzos de 2010, y que cumplen los requisitos para recibir beneficios de \"Ayuda Humanitaria de Emergencia\".","Intervention_en":"SMS informing households they were included in the RUPD and instructing them to go to the nearest Attention and Orientation Unit for more information about benefits eligibility","Intervention_es":"SMS informando a los hogares que fueron incluidos en el RUPD e instruyéndolos a ir a la Unidad de Atención y Orientación más cercana para obtener más información sobre la elegibilidad para los beneficios.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2009,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"218 households","Observations_es":"218 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"218 households (109 treatment, 109 control)","Randomization_es":"218 hogares (109 tratamiento y 109 control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving housing benefits (LATE)","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir prestaciones de vivienda (LATE)","Effect":"6.4","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"The information strategy was virtually costless","Cost_es":"La estrategia de información fue prácticamente gratuita.","Link":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/peps-2013-0060/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOoqRS2vlSxBhPPmUgKdAR_qqsqU3_4JHMMATtLsYJAUv9X67a_3A","Reference_en":"Blanco, Mariana, and Juan F. Vargas. 2014. \"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?\" Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20 (1): 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0060.","Reference_es":"Blanco, Mariana, and Juan F. Vargas. 2014. \"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?\" Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20 (1): 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0060.","Notes_en":"The authors estimate treatment effects using IV (Wald estimator) to account for non-compliance, as some households assigned to treatment did not receive the SMS. revisar si cambio el nombre de la variable","Notes_es":"Los autores estiman los efectos del tratamiento utilizando IV (estimador de Wald) para tener en cuenta el incumplimiento, ya que algunos hogares asignados al tratamiento no recibieron el SMS. revisar si cambió el nombre de la variable","Outcome_abbr_en":"Housing benefits (LATE)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":3},{"_id":34,"Study_ID":"ST-0010","Instance_ID":"IN-004","Record_ID":"ST-0010-004","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?","Title_es":"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?","Study_en":"Blanco and Vargas 2014","Study_es":"Blanco and Vargas 2014","Context_en":"Conflict-driven internally displaced households (IDPs) included in the RUPD registry who arrived to Bogotá (Q4 2009-early 2010), eligible for “Emergency Humanitarian Help” benefits","Context_es":"Hogares desplazados internamente por el conflicto, registrados en el RUPD, que llegaron a Bogotá entre el cuarto trimestre de 2009 y comienzos de 2010, y que cumplen los requisitos para recibir beneficios de \"Ayuda Humanitaria de Emergencia\".","Intervention_en":"SMS informing households they were included in the RUPD and instructing them to go to the nearest Attention and Orientation Unit for more information about benefits eligibility","Intervention_es":"SMS informando a los hogares que fueron incluidos en el RUPD e instruyéndolos a ir a la Unidad de Atención y Orientación más cercana para obtener más información sobre la elegibilidad para los beneficios.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2009,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"218 households","Observations_es":"218 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"218 households (109 treatment, 109 control)","Randomization_es":"218 hogares (109 tratamiento y 109 control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving household supplies benefits (LATE)","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir beneficios para suministros del hogar (LATE)","Effect":"-1","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"The information strategy was virtually costless","Cost_es":"La estrategia de información fue prácticamente gratuita.","Link":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/peps-2013-0060/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOoqRS2vlSxBhPPmUgKdAR_qqsqU3_4JHMMATtLsYJAUv9X67a_3A","Reference_en":"Blanco, Mariana, and Juan F. Vargas. 2014. \"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?\" Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20 (1): 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0060.","Reference_es":"Blanco, Mariana, and Juan F. Vargas. 2014. \"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?\" Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20 (1): 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0060.","Notes_en":"The authors estimate treatment effects using IV (Wald estimator) to account for non-compliance, as some households assigned to treatment did not receive the SMS. revisar si cambio el nombre de la variable","Notes_es":"Los autores estiman los efectos del tratamiento utilizando IV (estimador de Wald) para tener en cuenta el incumplimiento, ya que algunos hogares asignados al tratamiento no recibieron el SMS. revisar si cambió el nombre de la variable","Outcome_abbr_en":"Supplies receipt (LATE)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":4},{"_id":35,"Study_ID":"ST-0010","Instance_ID":"IN-005","Record_ID":"ST-0010-005","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?","Title_es":"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?","Study_en":"Blanco and Vargas 2014","Study_es":"Blanco and Vargas 2014","Context_en":"Conflict-driven internally displaced households (IDPs) included in the RUPD registry who arrived to Bogotá (Q4 2009-early 2010), eligible for “Emergency Humanitarian Help” benefits","Context_es":"Hogares desplazados internamente por el conflicto, registrados en el RUPD, que llegaron a Bogotá entre el cuarto trimestre de 2009 y comienzos de 2010, y que cumplen los requisitos para recibir beneficios de \"Ayuda Humanitaria de Emergencia\".","Intervention_en":"SMS informing households they were included in the RUPD and instructing them to go to the nearest Attention and Orientation Unit for more information about benefits eligibility","Intervention_es":"SMS informando a los hogares que fueron incluidos en el RUPD e instruyéndolos a ir a la Unidad de Atención y Orientación más cercana para obtener más información sobre la elegibilidad para los beneficios.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2009,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"218 households","Observations_es":"218 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"218 households (109 treatment, 109 control)","Randomization_es":"218 hogares (109 tratamiento y 109 control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of receiving food basket benefits (LATE)","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de recibir beneficios de la canasta de alimentos (LATE)","Effect":"16.7","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"The information strategy was virtually costless","Cost_es":"La estrategia de información fue prácticamente gratuita.","Link":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/peps-2013-0060/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOoqRS2vlSxBhPPmUgKdAR_qqsqU3_4JHMMATtLsYJAUv9X67a_3A","Reference_en":"Blanco, Mariana, and Juan F. Vargas. 2014. \"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?\" Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20 (1): 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0060.","Reference_es":"Blanco, Mariana, and Juan F. Vargas. 2014. \"Can SMS Technology Improve Low Take-up of Social Benefits?\" Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20 (1): 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0060.","Notes_en":"The authors estimate treatment effects using IV (Wald estimator) to account for non-compliance, as some households assigned to treatment did not receive the SMS. revisar si cambio el nombre de la variable","Notes_es":"Los autores estiman los efectos del tratamiento utilizando IV (estimador de Wald) para tener en cuenta el incumplimiento, ya que algunos hogares asignados al tratamiento no recibieron el SMS. revisar si cambió el nombre de la variable","Outcome_abbr_en":"Food-basket receipt (LATE)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":5},{"_id":36,"Study_ID":"ST-0011","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0011-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Identity Verification Standards in Welfare Programs: Experimental Evidence from India","Title_es":"Identity Verification Standards in Welfare Programs: Experimental Evidence from India","Study_en":"Muralidharan et al. 2025","Study_es":"Muralidharan et al. 2025","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of India's largest food security program (PDS) in Jharkhand, a low state-capacity state where ~44% of grain was estimated to be diverted","Context_es":"Beneficiarios del programa de seguridad alimentaria más grande de la India (PDS) en Jharkhand, un estado con baja capacidad estatal donde se estimó que ~44% de los granos se desvían.","Intervention_en":"Aadhaar biometric authentication (ABBA): beneficiaries fingerprint-verify at ePOS devices to collect rations; later reconciles grain sent to shops via authenticated transaction data","Intervention_es":"Autenticación biométrica basada en Aadhaar (ABBA), que requiere que los beneficiarios se autentiquen mediante huellas dactilares en dispositivos electrónicos de punto de venta (ePOS) para recoger raciones de alimentos; seguida de una reforma de conciliación que ajusta las distribuciones de grano en función de las transacciones autenticadas.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Biometric authentication for benefit delivery","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Autenticación biométrica para la entrega de beneficios","Year_intervention":2016,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"10396 ration card × month","Observations_es":"10396 tarjetas de racionamiento por mes","Randomization_en":"132 blocks (87 treatment and 45 control)","Randomization_es":"132 bloques (87 tratamiento y 45 control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability that a beneficiary received no commodities at all in a given month (exclusion error)","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de que un beneficiario no recibiera ningún producto básico en absoluto en un mes determinado (error de exclusión)","Effect":"2.4","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.1","Significance_es":"0.1","Cost_en":"Rs. 6.2 per ration card per month","Cost_es":"6.2 rupias por tarjeta de racionamiento por mes","Link":"https://direct.mit.edu/rest/article-abstract/107/2/372/114767/Identity-Verification-Standards-in-Welfare?redirectedFrom=fulltext","Reference_en":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2025. \"Identity Verification Standards in Welfare Programs: Experimental Evidence from India.\" Review of Economics and Statistics 107 (2): 372–392. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01296.","Reference_es":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2025. \"Identity Verification Standards in Welfare Programs: Experimental Evidence from India.\" Review of Economics and Statistics 107 (2): 372–392. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01296.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Commodity exclusion","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":37,"Study_ID":"ST-0011","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0011-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Identity Verification Standards in Welfare Programs: Experimental Evidence from India","Title_es":"Identity Verification Standards in Welfare Programs: Experimental Evidence from India","Study_en":"Muralidharan et al. 2025","Study_es":"Muralidharan et al. 2025","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of India's largest food security program (PDS) in Jharkhand, a low state-capacity state where ~44% of grain was estimated to be diverted","Context_es":"Beneficiarios del programa de seguridad alimentaria más grande de la India (PDS) en Jharkhand, un estado con baja capacidad estatal donde se estimó que ~44% de los granos se desvían.","Intervention_en":"Aadhaar biometric authentication (ABBA): beneficiaries fingerprint-verify at ePOS devices to collect rations; later reconciles grain sent to shops via authenticated transaction data","Intervention_es":"Autenticación biométrica basada en Aadhaar (ABBA), que requiere que los beneficiarios se autentiquen mediante huellas dactilares en dispositivos electrónicos de punto de venta (ePOS) para recoger raciones de alimentos; seguida de una reforma de conciliación que ajusta las distribuciones de grano en función de las transacciones autenticadas.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Biometric authentication for benefit delivery","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Autenticación biométrica para la entrega de beneficios","Year_intervention":2016,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"10396 ration card × month","Observations_es":"10396 tarjetas de racionamiento por mes","Randomization_en":"132 blocks (87 treatment and 45 control)","Randomization_es":"132 bloques (87 tratamiento y 45 control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Payment leakage","Outcome_ind_es":"Fuga (diferencia entre lo desembolsado y lo recibido)","Effect":"14","Unit_measurement_en":"Indian Rupees per card per month","Unit_measurement_es":"Rupias indias por tarjeta por mes","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"INR 6.2 per ration card per month","Cost_es":"6.2 rupias por tarjeta de racionamiento por mes","Link":"https://direct.mit.edu/rest/article-abstract/107/2/372/114767/Identity-Verification-Standards-in-Welfare?redirectedFrom=fulltext","Reference_en":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2025. \"Identity Verification Standards in Welfare Programs: Experimental Evidence from India.\" Review of Economics and Statistics 107 (2): 372–392. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01296.","Reference_es":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2025. \"Identity Verification Standards in Welfare Programs: Experimental Evidence from India.\" Review of Economics and Statistics 107 (2): 372–392. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01296.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Payment leakage","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"INR/ration card/month","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":38,"Study_ID":"ST-0012","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0012-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Niger","Country_name_es":"Níger","Country_code":"NE","Title_en":"Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger","Title_es":"Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger","Study_en":"Aker et al. 2016 (a)","Study_es":"Aker et al. 2016","Context_en":"Drought-affected households during food crisis (hungry season); women as primary beneficiaries","Context_es":"Hogares afectados por la sequía durante la crisis alimentaria (temporada de hambre), donde las mujeres son las principales beneficiarias.","Intervention_en":"Mobile money cash transfer via mobile phones (Zap platform), bundled with mobile phone provision and training, with a missed call (beep) notification when the transfer arrived","Intervention_es":"Transferencia de dinero móvil en efectivo a través de teléfonos móviles (plataforma Zap), combinada con provisión y capacitación en teléfonos móviles, con una notificación de llamada perdida (pitido) cuando llega la transferencia.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1079 households","Observations_es":"1079 hogares","Randomization_en":"96 villages (3 treatment arms: Cash, Mobile, Zap; 32 villages each; Cash group serves as comparison — no pure control group)","Randomization_es":"96 aldeas (3 brazos de tratamiento: Efectivo, Móvil, Zap; 32 aldeas cada uno; El grupo de efectivo sirve como comparación — no hay un grupo de control puro)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability that program recipient received cash transfer","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de que el beneficiario del programa haya recibido una transferencia en efectivo","Effect":"-2","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"24.14 USD per recipient","Cost_es":"24.14 USD por destinatario","Link":"https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sites/default/files/research-paper/4277_Payments-Mechanism-and-anti-poverty-programs_Aker_Nov2016.pdf","Reference_en":"Aker, Jenny C., Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. 2016. “Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65 (1): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578","Reference_es":"Aker, Jenny C., Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. 2016. “Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65 (1): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578","Notes_en":"Cash transfer program implemented by the NGO Concern Worldwide during the 2009–2010 food crisis in Niger.","Notes_es":"Programa de transferencia de efectivo implementado por la ONG Concern Worldwide durante la crisis alimentaria de 2009-2010 en Níger.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Recipient transfer receipt","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":39,"Study_ID":"ST-0012","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0012-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Niger","Country_name_es":"Níger","Country_code":"NE","Title_en":"Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger","Title_es":"Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger","Study_en":"Aker et al. 2016 (a)","Study_es":"Aker et al. 2016","Context_en":"Drought-affected households during food crisis (hungry season); women as primary beneficiaries","Context_es":"Hogares afectados por la sequía durante la crisis alimentaria (temporada de hambre), donde las mujeres son las principales beneficiarias.","Intervention_en":"Mobile money cash transfer via mobile phones (Zap platform), bundled with mobile phone provision and training, with a missed call (beep) notification when the transfer arrived","Intervention_es":"Transferencia de dinero móvil en efectivo a través de teléfonos móviles (plataforma Zap), combinada con provisión y capacitación en teléfonos móviles, con una notificación de llamada perdida (pitido) cuando llega la transferencia.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1079 households","Observations_es":"1079 hogares","Randomization_en":"96 villages (3 treatment arms: Cash, Mobile, Zap; 32 villages each; Cash group serves as comparison — no pure control group)","Randomization_es":"96 aldeas (3 brazos de tratamiento: Efectivo, Móvil, Zap; 32 aldeas cada uno; El grupo de efectivo sirve como comparación — no hay un grupo de control puro)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Number of transfers received","Outcome_ind_es":"Número de transferencias recibidas","Effect":"-0.12","Unit_measurement_en":"Number of transfers","Unit_measurement_es":"Número de transferencias","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"24.14 USD per recipient","Cost_es":"24.14 USD por destinatario","Link":"https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sites/default/files/research-paper/4277_Payments-Mechanism-and-anti-poverty-programs_Aker_Nov2016.pdf","Reference_en":"Aker, Jenny C., Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. 2016. “Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65 (1): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578","Reference_es":"Aker, Jenny C., Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. 2016. “Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65 (1): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578","Notes_en":"Cash transfer program implemented by the NGO Concern Worldwide during the 2009–2010 food crisis in Niger.","Notes_es":"Programa de transferencia de efectivo implementado por la ONG Concern Worldwide durante la crisis alimentaria de 2009-2010 en Níger.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Transfers received","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"No. of transfers","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":40,"Study_ID":"ST-0012","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0012-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Niger","Country_name_es":"Níger","Country_code":"NE","Title_en":"Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger","Title_es":"Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger","Study_en":"Aker et al. 2016 (a)","Study_es":"Aker et al. 2016","Context_en":"Drought-affected households during food crisis (hungry season); women as primary beneficiaries","Context_es":"Hogares afectados por la sequía durante la crisis alimentaria (temporada de hambre), donde las mujeres son las principales beneficiarias.","Intervention_en":"Mobile money cash transfer via mobile phones (Zap platform), bundled with mobile phone provision and training, with a missed call (beep) notification when the transfer arrived","Intervention_es":"Transferencia de dinero móvil en efectivo a través de teléfonos móviles (plataforma Zap), combinada con provisión y capacitación en teléfonos móviles, con una notificación de llamada perdida (pitido) cuando llega la transferencia.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital payments and electronic vouchers","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Pagos digitales y vales electrónicos","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1079 households","Observations_es":"1079 hogares","Randomization_en":"96 villages (3 treatment arms: Cash, Mobile, Zap; 32 villages each; Cash group serves as comparison — no pure control group)","Randomization_es":"96 aldeas (3 brazos de tratamiento: Efectivo, Móvil, Zap; 32 aldeas cada uno; El grupo de efectivo sirve como comparación — no hay un grupo de control puro)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Amount of transfer received","Outcome_ind_es":"Cantidad de transferencia recibida (CFA)","Effect":"-501.7","Unit_measurement_en":"CFA (currency)","Unit_measurement_es":"Franco CFA (moneda)","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"24.14 USD per recipient","Cost_es":"24.14 USD por destinatario","Link":"https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sites/default/files/research-paper/4277_Payments-Mechanism-and-anti-poverty-programs_Aker_Nov2016.pdf","Reference_en":"Aker, Jenny C., Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. 2016. “Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65 (1): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578","Reference_es":"Aker, Jenny C., Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. 2016. “Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65 (1): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578","Notes_en":"Cash transfer program implemented by the NGO Concern Worldwide during the 2009–2010 food crisis in Niger.","Notes_es":"Programa de transferencia de efectivo implementado por la ONG Concern Worldwide durante la crisis alimentaria de 2009-2010 en Níger.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Transfer amount","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"XOF","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":3},{"_id":41,"Study_ID":"ST-0013","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0013-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Niger","Country_name_es":"Níger","Country_code":"NE","Title_en":"Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger","Title_es":"Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger","Study_en":"Aker et al. 2016 (b)","Study_es":"Aker et al. 2016","Context_en":"Drought-affected households during food crisis (hungry season); women as primary beneficiaries","Context_es":"Hogares afectados por la sequía durante la crisis alimentaria (temporada de hambre), donde las mujeres son las principales beneficiarias.","Intervention_en":"Mobile phone provision and training on how to use it, alongside manual cash transfer delivered in individual envelopes","Intervention_es":"Provisión de teléfonos móviles y capacitación sobre cómo usarlos, junto con transferencias de efectivo manuales entregadas en sobres individuales.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital device provision and training","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Entrega de dispositivos digitales y capacitación","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1079 households","Observations_es":"1079 hogares","Randomization_en":"96 villages (3 treatment arms: Cash, Mobile, Zap; 32 villages each; Cash group serves as comparison — no pure control group)","Randomization_es":"96 aldeas (3 brazos de tratamiento: Efectivo, Móvil, Zap; 32 aldeas cada uno; El grupo de efectivo sirve como comparación — no hay un grupo de control puro)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability that program recipient received cash transfer","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de que el beneficiario del programa haya recibido una transferencia en efectivo","Effect":"2","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"16.43 USD per recipient","Cost_es":"16.43 USD por destinatario","Link":"https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sites/default/files/research-paper/4277_Payments-Mechanism-and-anti-poverty-programs_Aker_Nov2016.pdf","Reference_en":"Aker, Jenny C., Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. 2016. “Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65 (1): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578","Reference_es":"Aker, Jenny C., Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. 2016. “Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65 (1): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578","Notes_en":"Cash transfer program implemented by the NGO Concern Worldwide during the 2009–2010 food crisis in Niger.","Notes_es":"Programa de transferencia de efectivo implementado por la ONG Concern Worldwide durante la crisis alimentaria de 2009-2010 en Níger.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Recipient transfer receipt","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":4},{"_id":42,"Study_ID":"ST-0013","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0013-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Niger","Country_name_es":"Níger","Country_code":"NE","Title_en":"Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger","Title_es":"Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger","Study_en":"Aker et al. 2016 (b)","Study_es":"Aker et al. 2016","Context_en":"Drought-affected households during food crisis (hungry season); women as primary beneficiaries","Context_es":"Hogares afectados por la sequía durante la crisis alimentaria (temporada de hambre), donde las mujeres son las principales beneficiarias.","Intervention_en":"Mobile phone provision and training on how to use it, alongside manual cash transfer delivered in individual envelopes","Intervention_es":"Provisión de teléfonos móviles y capacitación sobre cómo usarlos, junto con transferencias de efectivo manuales entregadas en sobres individuales.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital device provision and training","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Entrega de dispositivos digitales y capacitación","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1079 households","Observations_es":"1079 hogares","Randomization_en":"96 villages (3 treatment arms: Cash, Mobile, Zap; 32 villages each; Cash group serves as comparison — no pure control group)","Randomization_es":"96 aldeas (3 brazos de tratamiento: Efectivo, Móvil, Zap; 32 aldeas cada uno; El grupo de efectivo sirve como comparación — no hay un grupo de control puro)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Number of transfers received","Outcome_ind_es":"Número de transferencias recibidas","Effect":"-0.03","Unit_measurement_en":"Number of transfers","Unit_measurement_es":"Número de transferencias","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"16.43 USD per recipient","Cost_es":"16.43 USD por destinatario","Link":"https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sites/default/files/research-paper/4277_Payments-Mechanism-and-anti-poverty-programs_Aker_Nov2016.pdf","Reference_en":"Aker, Jenny C., Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. 2016. “Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65 (1): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578","Reference_es":"Aker, Jenny C., Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. 2016. “Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65 (1): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578","Notes_en":"Cash transfer program implemented by the NGO Concern Worldwide during the 2009–2010 food crisis in Niger.","Notes_es":"Programa de transferencia de efectivo implementado por la ONG Concern Worldwide durante la crisis alimentaria de 2009-2010 en Níger.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Transfers received","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"No. of transfers","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":5},{"_id":43,"Study_ID":"ST-0013","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0013-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Niger","Country_name_es":"Níger","Country_code":"NE","Title_en":"Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger","Title_es":"Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger","Study_en":"Aker et al. 2016 (b)","Study_es":"Aker et al. 2016","Context_en":"Drought-affected households during food crisis (hungry season); women as primary beneficiaries","Context_es":"Hogares afectados por la sequía durante la crisis alimentaria (temporada de hambre), donde las mujeres son las principales beneficiarias.","Intervention_en":"Mobile phone provision and training on how to use it, alongside manual cash transfer delivered in individual envelopes","Intervention_es":"Provisión de teléfonos móviles y capacitación sobre cómo usarlos, junto con transferencias de efectivo manuales entregadas en sobres individuales.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital device provision and training","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Entrega de dispositivos digitales y capacitación","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1079 households","Observations_es":"1079 hogares","Randomization_en":"96 villages (3 treatment arms: Cash, Mobile, Zap; 32 villages each; Cash group serves as comparison — no pure control group)","Randomization_es":"96 aldeas (3 brazos de tratamiento: Efectivo, Móvil, Zap; 32 aldeas cada uno; El grupo de efectivo sirve como comparación — no hay un grupo de control puro)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Amount of transfer received","Outcome_ind_es":"Cantidad de transferencia recibida (CFA)","Effect":"-454.96","Unit_measurement_en":"CFA (currency)","Unit_measurement_es":"Franco CFA (moneda)","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"16.43 USD per recipient","Cost_es":"16.43 USD por destinatario","Link":"https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sites/default/files/research-paper/4277_Payments-Mechanism-and-anti-poverty-programs_Aker_Nov2016.pdf","Reference_en":"Aker, Jenny C., Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. 2016. “Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65 (1): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578","Reference_es":"Aker, Jenny C., Rachid Boumnijel, Amanda McClelland, and Niall Tierney. 2016. “Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 65 (1): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578","Notes_en":"Cash transfer program implemented by the NGO Concern Worldwide during the 2009–2010 food crisis in Niger.","Notes_es":"Programa de transferencia de efectivo implementado por la ONG Concern Worldwide durante la crisis alimentaria de 2009-2010 en Níger.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Transfer amount","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"XOF","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":6},{"_id":44,"Study_ID":"ST-0014","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0014-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","Title_es":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","Study_en":"Muralidharan et al. 2016 (a)","Study_es":"Muralidharan et al. 2016","Context_en":"Rural households holding NREGS jobcards in Andhra Pradesh under India’s National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (large-scale public works program guaranteeing 100 days of work per rural household).","Context_es":"Hogares rurales que poseen tarjetas de trabajo NREGS en Andhra Pradesh bajo el Programa Nacional de Garantía de Empleo Rural de la India (un programa de obras públicas a gran escala que garantiza 100 días de trabajo por hogar rural).","Intervention_en":"Biometric smartcard-based payment system: bank-linked accounts + fingerprint authentication + village-level customer service providers replacing manual/post-office payments.","Intervention_es":"Sistema de pago basado en tarjetas inteligentes biométricas: cuentas vinculadas a bancos + autenticación por huella digital + proveedores de servicio al cliente a nivel de aldea que reemplazan los pagos manuales/de oficina de correos.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Biometric authentication for benefit delivery","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Autenticación biométrica para la entrega de beneficios","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"5107 households","Observations_es":"5107 hogares","Randomization_en":"157 districts (112 treatment and 45 control)","Randomization_es":"157 distritos (112 tratamiento y 45 control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Payment leakage rate","Outcome_ind_es":"Tasa de fuga (diferencia entre los pagos oficiales y los pagos reportados por los beneficiarios)","Effect":"-12.7","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"USD 4 million","Cost_es":"4 millones de dólares","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20141346","Reference_en":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2016. \"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India.\" American Economic Review 106 (10): 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346.","Reference_es":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2016. \"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India.\" American Economic Review 106 (10): 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Payment leakage rate","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":45,"Study_ID":"ST-0014","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0014-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","Title_es":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","Study_en":"Muralidharan et al. 2016 (a)","Study_es":"Muralidharan et al. 2016","Context_en":"Rural households holding NREGS jobcards in Andhra Pradesh under India’s National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (large-scale public works program guaranteeing 100 days of work per rural household).","Context_es":"Hogares rurales que poseen tarjetas de trabajo NREGS en Andhra Pradesh bajo el Programa Nacional de Garantía de Empleo Rural de la India (un programa de obras públicas a gran escala que garantiza 100 días de trabajo por hogar rural).","Intervention_en":"Biometric smartcard-based payment system: bank-linked accounts + fingerprint authentication + village-level customer service providers replacing manual/post-office payments.","Intervention_es":"Sistema de pago basado en tarjetas inteligentes biométricas: cuentas vinculadas a bancos + autenticación por huella digital + proveedores de servicio al cliente a nivel de aldea que reemplazan los pagos manuales/de oficina de correos.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Biometric authentication for benefit delivery","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Autenticación biométrica para la entrega de beneficios","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"4909 households","Observations_es":"4909 hogares","Randomization_en":"157 districts (112 treatment and 45 control)","Randomization_es":"157 distritos (112 tratamiento y 45 control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability household worked in NREGS","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de que el hogar haya trabajado en NREGS","Effect":"7.1","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"USD 4 million","Cost_es":"4 millones de dólares","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20141346","Reference_en":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2016. \"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India.\" American Economic Review 106 (10): 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346.","Reference_es":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2016. \"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India.\" American Economic Review 106 (10): 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"NREGS work","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":46,"Study_ID":"ST-0015","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0015-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","Title_es":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","Study_en":"Muralidharan et al. 2016 (b)","Study_es":"Muralidharan et al. 2016","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of the SSP (Social Security Pensions) program that provides income support to the rural poor who are not able to work)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios del programa SSP (Pensiones de Seguridad Social) que proporciona apoyo de ingresos a individuos pobres rurales que no pueden trabajar.","Intervention_en":"Biometric smartcard-based payment system: bank-linked accounts + fingerprint authentication + village-level customer service providers replacing manual/post-office payments.","Intervention_es":"Sistema de pago basado en tarjetas inteligentes biométricas: cuentas vinculadas a bancos + autenticación por huella digital + proveedores de servicio al cliente a nivel de aldea que reemplazan los pagos manuales/de oficina de correos.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Biometric authentication for benefit delivery","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Autenticación biométrica para la entrega de beneficios","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3134 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"3134 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"157 districts (112 treatment and 45 control)","Randomization_es":"157 distritos (112 tratamiento y 45 control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Payment leakage rate","Outcome_ind_es":"Tasa de fuga (diferencia entre los pagos oficiales y los pagos reportados por los beneficiarios)","Effect":"-2.8","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.1","Significance_es":"0.1","Cost_en":"USD 2.3 million","Cost_es":"2.3 millones de dólares estadounidenses","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20141346","Reference_en":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2016. \"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India.\" American Economic Review 106 (10): 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346.","Reference_es":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2016. \"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India.\" American Economic Review 106 (10): 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Payment leakage rate","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":3},{"_id":47,"Study_ID":"ST-0015","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0015-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","Title_es":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","Study_en":"Muralidharan et al. 2016 (b)","Study_es":"Muralidharan et al. 2016","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of the SSP (Social Security Pensions) program that provides income support to the rural poor who are not able to work)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios del programa SSP (Pensiones de Seguridad Social) que proporciona apoyo de ingresos a individuos pobres rurales que no pueden trabajar.","Intervention_en":"Biometric smartcard-based payment system: bank-linked accounts + fingerprint authentication + village-level customer service providers replacing manual/post-office payments.","Intervention_es":"Sistema de pago basado en tarjetas inteligentes biométricas: cuentas vinculadas a bancos + autenticación por huella digital + proveedores de servicio al cliente a nivel de aldea que reemplazan los pagos manuales/de oficina de correos.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Biometric authentication for benefit delivery","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Autenticación biométrica para la entrega de beneficios","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"352 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"352 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"157 districts (112 treatment and 45 control)","Randomization_es":"157 distritos (112 tratamiento y 45 control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of having paid a bribe to start receiving SSP pension","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de haber pagado un soborno para empezar a recibir la pensión del SSP (reducción indica menos barreras de acceso)","Effect":"-5.5","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"USD 2.3 million","Cost_es":"2.3 millones de dólares estadounidenses","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20141346","Reference_en":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2016. \"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India.\" American Economic Review 106 (10): 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346.","Reference_es":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2016. \"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India.\" American Economic Review 106 (10): 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"SSP-access bribe","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":4},{"_id":48,"Study_ID":"ST-0014","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0014-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","Title_es":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","Study_en":"Muralidharan et al. 2016 (a)","Study_es":"Muralidharan et al. 2016","Context_en":"Rural households holding NREGS jobcards in Andhra Pradesh under India’s National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (large-scale public works program guaranteeing 100 days of work per rural household).","Context_es":"Hogares rurales que poseen tarjetas de trabajo NREGS en Andhra Pradesh bajo el Programa Nacional de Garantía de Empleo Rural de la India (un programa de obras públicas a gran escala que garantiza 100 días de trabajo por hogar rural).","Intervention_en":"Biometric smartcard-based payment system: bank-linked accounts + fingerprint authentication + village-level customer service providers replacing manual/post-office payments.","Intervention_es":"Sistema de pago basado en tarjetas inteligentes biométricas: cuentas vinculadas a bancos + autenticación por huella digital + proveedores de servicio al cliente a nivel de aldea que reemplazan los pagos manuales/de oficina de correos.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Biometric authentication for benefit delivery","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Autenticación biométrica para la entrega de beneficios","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"5242 households","Observations_es":"5242 hogares","Randomization_en":"157 districts (112 treatment and 45 control)","Randomization_es":"157 distritos (112 tratamiento y 45 control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Proportion of ghost households in NREGS","Outcome_ind_es":"Proporción de hogares fantasma en el NREGS","Effect":"-1","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"USD 4 million","Cost_es":"4 millones de dólares","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20141346","Reference_en":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2016. \"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India.\" American Economic Review 106 (10): 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346.","Reference_es":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2016. \"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India.\" American Economic Review 106 (10): 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"NREGS ghost households","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":5},{"_id":49,"Study_ID":"ST-0015","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0015-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","Title_es":"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India","Study_en":"Muralidharan et al. 2016 (b)","Study_es":"Muralidharan et al. 2016","Context_en":"Beneficiaries of the SSP (Social Security Pensions) program that provides income support to the rural poor who are not able to work)","Context_es":"Beneficiarios del programa SSP (Pensiones de Seguridad Social) que proporciona apoyo de ingresos a individuos pobres rurales que no pueden trabajar.","Intervention_en":"Biometric smartcard-based payment system: bank-linked accounts + fingerprint authentication + village-level customer service providers replacing manual/post-office payments.","Intervention_es":"Sistema de pago basado en tarjetas inteligentes biométricas: cuentas vinculadas a bancos + autenticación por huella digital + proveedores de servicio al cliente a nivel de aldea que reemplazan los pagos manuales/de oficina de correos.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Biometric authentication for benefit delivery","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Autenticación biométrica para la entrega de beneficios","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3135 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"3135 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"157 districts (112 treatment and 45 control)","Randomization_es":"157 distritos (112 tratamiento y 45 control)","Outcome_en":"Focalization","Outcome_es":"Focalización","Outcome_ind_en":"Amount paid to ghost SSP beneficiaries","Outcome_ind_es":"Cantidad pagada a beneficiarios fantasmas del SSP, en rupias por mes","Effect":"-2.9","Unit_measurement_en":"Rs per month","Unit_measurement_es":"Rupias por mes","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"USD 2.3 million","Cost_es":"2.3 millones de dólares estadounidenses","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20141346","Reference_en":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2016. \"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India.\" American Economic Review 106 (10): 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346.","Reference_es":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Paul Niehaus, and Sandip Sukhtankar. 2016. \"Building State Capacity: Evidence from Biometric Smartcards in India.\" American Economic Review 106 (10): 2895–2929. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141346.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Ghost SSP payments","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"INR/month","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":6},{"_id":50,"Study_ID":"ST-0016","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0016-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Banking on Transparency for the Poor: Experimental Evidence from India","Title_es":"Banking on Transparency for the Poor: Experimental Evidence from India","Study_en":"Field et al. 2022","Study_es":"Field et al. 2022","Context_en":"Rural low-income women in Madhya Pradesh, India, recently banked and receiving government cash transfers via direct deposit into bank accounts.","Context_es":"Mujeres rurales de bajos ingresos en Madhya Pradesh, India, que se bancarizaron recientemente y reciben transferencias del gobierno a través de depósito directo en cuentas bancarias.","Intervention_en":"Automated voice call system providing transaction notifications and account balance information to beneficiaries after deposits or withdrawals (financial transparency intervention).","Intervention_es":"Sistema automatizado de llamadas de voz que proporciona notificaciones de transacciones e información sobre el saldo de la cuenta a los beneficiarios después de depósitos o retiros (intervención de transparencia financiera).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"870 individuals","Observations_es":"870 individuos","Randomization_en":"870 women (437 treatment, 433 control)","Randomization_es":"870 mujeres (437 en el grupo de tratamiento y 433 en el grupo de control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of withdrawing government transfer","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de retirar la transferencia gubernamental","Effect":"3.4","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.nber.org/papers/w30289","Reference_en":"Field, Erica M., Natalia Rigol, Charity M. Troyer Moore, Rohini Pande, and Simone G. Schaner. 2022. Banking on Transparency for the Poor: Experimental Evidence from India. NBER Working Paper No. 30289. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w30289","Reference_es":"Field, Erica M., Natalia Rigol, Charity M. Troyer Moore, Rohini Pande, and Simone G. Schaner. 2022. Banking on Transparency for the Poor: Experimental Evidence from India. NBER Working Paper No. 30289. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w30289","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Government-transfer withdrawal","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":51,"Study_ID":"ST-0016","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0016-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Banking on Transparency for the Poor: Experimental Evidence from India","Title_es":"Banking on Transparency for the Poor: Experimental Evidence from India","Study_en":"Field et al. 2022","Study_es":"Field et al. 2022","Context_en":"Rural low-income women in Madhya Pradesh, India, recently banked and receiving government cash transfers via direct deposit into bank accounts.","Context_es":"Mujeres rurales de bajos ingresos en Madhya Pradesh, India, que se bancarizaron recientemente y reciben transferencias del gobierno a través de depósito directo en cuentas bancarias.","Intervention_en":"Automated voice call system providing transaction notifications and account balance information to beneficiaries after deposits or withdrawals (financial transparency intervention).","Intervention_es":"Sistema automatizado de llamadas de voz que proporciona notificaciones de transacciones e información sobre el saldo de la cuenta a los beneficiarios después de depósitos o retiros (intervención de transparencia financiera).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"870 individuals","Observations_es":"870 individuos","Randomization_en":"870 women (437 treatment, 433 control)","Randomization_es":"870 mujeres (437 en el grupo de tratamiento y 433 en el grupo de control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Time to withdrawal of government transfer","Outcome_ind_es":"Tiempo hasta retirar la transferencia gubernamental","Effect":"1.08","Unit_measurement_en":"Hazard ratio","Unit_measurement_es":"Razón de riesgo","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.nber.org/papers/w30289","Reference_en":"Field, Erica M., Natalia Rigol, Charity M. Troyer Moore, Rohini Pande, and Simone G. Schaner. 2022. Banking on Transparency for the Poor: Experimental Evidence from India. NBER Working Paper No. 30289. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w30289","Reference_es":"Field, Erica M., Natalia Rigol, Charity M. Troyer Moore, Rohini Pande, and Simone G. Schaner. 2022. Banking on Transparency for the Poor: Experimental Evidence from India. NBER Working Paper No. 30289. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w30289","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Transfer withdrawal time","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"HR","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":52,"Study_ID":"ST-0017","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0017-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Title_es":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Study_en":"Urbina et al. 2023 (a)","Study_es":"Urbina et al. 2023","Context_en":"Undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia eligible for the ETPV regularization program (issuing the PPT temporary protection permit), residing in Magdalena and Atlántico departments","Context_es":"Migrantes forzados venezolanos en situación irregular en Colombia, registrados como elegibles para el programa de regularización ETPV que otorga un Permiso por Protección Temporal (PPT), residentes en los departamentos de Magdalena y Atlántico.","Intervention_en":"Informational video sent via WhatsApp addressing program awareness, trust, or step-by-step registration (any video)","Intervention_es":"Video informativo enviado por WhatsApp que aborda la concienciación sobre el programa, la confianza o el registro paso a paso (cualquier video)","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1130 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1130 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"1375 beneficiaries (3 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"1375 beneficiarios (3 tratamientos y 1 control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Intention to register for the Temporary Protection Permit","Outcome_ind_es":"Intención de registrarse para el PPT","Effect":"-12.2","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"10,000 COP incentive per participant assigned to treatment; total program cost not reported","Cost_es":"Incentivo de 10,000 COP por participante asignado al tratamiento; no se informó el costo total del programa.","Link":"https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16521/the-fine-line-between-nudging-and-nagging-increasing-take-up-rates-through-social-media-platforms","Reference_en":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Reference_es":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Notes_en":"The effects are mostly driven by the treated individuals who received the links but did not watch the videos, who are older, busier, and with less internet access relative to other treated individuals.","Notes_es":"\"Los efectos son impulsados principalmente por los individuos tratados que recibieron los enlaces pero no vieron los videos, quienes son mayores, más ocupados y tienen menos acceso a internet en comparación con otros individuos tratados.\"","Outcome_abbr_en":"Permit registration intention","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":53,"Study_ID":"ST-0017","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0017-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Title_es":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Study_en":"Urbina et al. 2023 (a)","Study_es":"Urbina et al. 2023","Context_en":"Undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia eligible for the ETPV regularization program (issuing the PPT temporary protection permit), residing in Magdalena and Atlántico departments","Context_es":"Migrantes forzados venezolanos en situación irregular en Colombia, registrados como elegibles para el programa de regularización ETPV que otorga un Permiso por Protección Temporal (PPT), residentes en los departamentos de Magdalena y Atlántico.","Intervention_en":"Informational video sent via WhatsApp addressing program awareness, trust, or step-by-step registration (any video)","Intervention_es":"Video informativo enviado por WhatsApp que aborda la concienciación sobre el programa, la confianza o el registro paso a paso (cualquier video)","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1130 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1130 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"1375 beneficiaries (3 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"1375 beneficiarios (3 tratamientos y 1 control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of starting Temporary Protection Permit registration","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de iniciar el proceso de registro para el PPT","Effect":"-7.7","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"10,000 COP incentive per participant assigned to treatment; total program cost not reported","Cost_es":"Incentivo de 10,000 COP por participante asignado al tratamiento; no se informó el costo total del programa.","Link":"https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16521/the-fine-line-between-nudging-and-nagging-increasing-take-up-rates-through-social-media-platforms","Reference_en":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Reference_es":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Notes_en":"The effects are mostly driven by the treated individuals who received the links but did not watch the videos, who are older, busier, and with less internet access relative to other treated individuals.","Notes_es":"\"Los efectos son impulsados principalmente por los individuos tratados que recibieron los enlaces pero no vieron los videos, quienes son mayores, más ocupados y tienen menos acceso a internet en comparación con otros individuos tratados.\"","Outcome_abbr_en":"Permit registration initiation","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":54,"Study_ID":"ST-0017","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0017-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Title_es":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Study_en":"Urbina et al. 2023 (a)","Study_es":"Urbina et al. 2023","Context_en":"Undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia eligible for the ETPV regularization program (issuing the PPT temporary protection permit), residing in Magdalena and Atlántico departments","Context_es":"Migrantes forzados venezolanos en situación irregular en Colombia, registrados como elegibles para el programa de regularización ETPV que otorga un Permiso por Protección Temporal (PPT), residentes en los departamentos de Magdalena y Atlántico.","Intervention_en":"Informational video sent via WhatsApp addressing program awareness, trust, or step-by-step registration (any video)","Intervention_es":"Video informativo enviado por WhatsApp que aborda la concienciación sobre el programa, la confianza o el registro paso a paso (cualquier video)","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1130 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1130 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"1375 beneficiaries (3 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"1375 beneficiarios (3 tratamientos y 1 control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of requesting the Temporary Protection Permit","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de solicitar la presentación de PowerPoint","Effect":"-8","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"10,000 COP incentive per participant assigned to treatment; total program cost not reported","Cost_es":"Incentivo de 10,000 COP por participante asignado al tratamiento; no se informó el costo total del programa.","Link":"https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16521/the-fine-line-between-nudging-and-nagging-increasing-take-up-rates-through-social-media-platforms","Reference_en":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Reference_es":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Notes_en":"The effects are mostly driven by the treated individuals who received the links but did not watch the videos, who are older, busier, and with less internet access relative to other treated individuals.","Notes_es":"\"Los efectos son impulsados principalmente por los individuos tratados que recibieron los enlaces pero no vieron los videos, quienes son mayores, más ocupados y tienen menos acceso a internet en comparación con otros individuos tratados.\"","Outcome_abbr_en":"Permit request","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":3},{"_id":55,"Study_ID":"ST-0018","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0018-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Title_es":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Study_en":"Urbina et al. 2023 (b)","Study_es":"Urbina et al. 2023","Context_en":"Undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia eligible for the ETPV regularization program (issuing the PPT temporary protection permit), residing in Magdalena and Atlántico departments","Context_es":"Migrantes forzados venezolanos en situación irregular en Colombia, registrados como elegibles para el programa de regularización ETPV que otorga un Permiso por Protección Temporal (PPT), residentes en los departamentos de Magdalena y Atlántico.","Intervention_en":"Informational video sent via WhatsApp addressing program awareness about the regularization program and its benefits.","Intervention_es":"Video informativo enviado por WhatsApp para crear conciencia sobre el programa de regularización y sus beneficios.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1130 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1130 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"1375 beneficiaries (3 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"1375 beneficiarios (3 tratamientos y 1 control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Intention to register for the Temporary Protection Permit","Outcome_ind_es":"Intención de registrarse para el PPT","Effect":"-10.3","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"10,000 COP incentive per participant assigned to treatment; total program cost not reported","Cost_es":"Incentivo de 10,000 COP por participante asignado al tratamiento; no se informó el costo total del programa.","Link":"https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16521/the-fine-line-between-nudging-and-nagging-increasing-take-up-rates-through-social-media-platforms","Reference_en":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Reference_es":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Notes_en":"The effects are mostly driven by the treated individuals who received the links but did not watch the videos, who are older, busier, and with less internet access relative to other treated individuals.","Notes_es":"\"Los efectos son impulsados principalmente por los individuos tratados que recibieron los enlaces pero no vieron los videos, quienes son mayores, más ocupados y tienen menos acceso a internet en comparación con otros individuos tratados.\"","Outcome_abbr_en":"Permit registration intention","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":4},{"_id":56,"Study_ID":"ST-0018","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0018-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Title_es":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Study_en":"Urbina et al. 2023 (b)","Study_es":"Urbina et al. 2023","Context_en":"Undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia eligible for the ETPV regularization program (issuing the PPT temporary protection permit), residing in Magdalena and Atlántico departments","Context_es":"Migrantes forzados venezolanos en situación irregular en Colombia, registrados como elegibles para el programa de regularización ETPV que otorga un Permiso por Protección Temporal (PPT), residentes en los departamentos de Magdalena y Atlántico.","Intervention_en":"Informational video sent via WhatsApp addressing program awareness about the regularization program and its benefits.","Intervention_es":"Video informativo enviado por WhatsApp para crear conciencia sobre el programa de regularización y sus beneficios.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1130 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1130 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"1375 beneficiaries (3 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"1375 beneficiarios (3 tratamientos y 1 control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of starting Temporary Protection Permit registration","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de iniciar el proceso de registro para el PPT","Effect":"-5.7","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"10,000 COP incentive per participant assigned to treatment; total program cost not reported","Cost_es":"Incentivo de 10,000 COP por participante asignado al tratamiento; no se informó el costo total del programa.","Link":"https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16521/the-fine-line-between-nudging-and-nagging-increasing-take-up-rates-through-social-media-platforms","Reference_en":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Reference_es":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Notes_en":"The effects are mostly driven by the treated individuals who received the links but did not watch the videos, who are older, busier, and with less internet access relative to other treated individuals.","Notes_es":"\"Los efectos son impulsados principalmente por los individuos tratados que recibieron los enlaces pero no vieron los videos, quienes son mayores, más ocupados y tienen menos acceso a internet en comparación con otros individuos tratados.\"","Outcome_abbr_en":"Permit registration initiation","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":5},{"_id":57,"Study_ID":"ST-0018","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0018-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Title_es":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Study_en":"Urbina et al. 2023 (b)","Study_es":"Urbina et al. 2023","Context_en":"Undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia eligible for the ETPV regularization program (issuing the PPT temporary protection permit), residing in Magdalena and Atlántico departments","Context_es":"Migrantes forzados venezolanos en situación irregular en Colombia, registrados como elegibles para el programa de regularización ETPV que otorga un Permiso por Protección Temporal (PPT), residentes en los departamentos de Magdalena y Atlántico.","Intervention_en":"Informational video sent via WhatsApp addressing program awareness about the regularization program and its benefits.","Intervention_es":"Video informativo enviado por WhatsApp para crear conciencia sobre el programa de regularización y sus beneficios.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1130 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1130 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"1375 beneficiaries (3 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"1375 beneficiarios (3 tratamientos y 1 control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of requesting the Temporary Protection Permit","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de solicitar la presentación de PowerPoint","Effect":"-6","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"10,000 COP incentive per participant assigned to treatment; total program cost not reported","Cost_es":"Incentivo de 10,000 COP por participante asignado al tratamiento; no se informó el costo total del programa.","Link":"https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16521/the-fine-line-between-nudging-and-nagging-increasing-take-up-rates-through-social-media-platforms","Reference_en":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Reference_es":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Notes_en":"The effects are mostly driven by the treated individuals who received the links but did not watch the videos, who are older, busier, and with less internet access relative to other treated individuals.","Notes_es":"\"Los efectos son impulsados principalmente por los individuos tratados que recibieron los enlaces pero no vieron los videos, quienes son mayores, más ocupados y tienen menos acceso a internet en comparación con otros individuos tratados.\"","Outcome_abbr_en":"Permit request","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":6},{"_id":58,"Study_ID":"ST-0019","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0019-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Title_es":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Study_en":"Urbina et al. 2023 (c)","Study_es":"Urbina et al. 2023","Context_en":"Undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia eligible for the ETPV regularization program (issuing the PPT temporary protection permit), residing in Magdalena and Atlántico departments","Context_es":"Migrantes forzados venezolanos en situación irregular en Colombia, registrados como elegibles para el programa de regularización ETPV que otorga un Permiso por Protección Temporal (PPT), residentes en los departamentos de Magdalena y Atlántico.","Intervention_en":"Informational video sent via WhatsApp addressing trust in the regularization program and government institutions.","Intervention_es":"Video informativo enviado por WhatsApp que aborda la confianza en el programa de regularización y en las instituciones gubernamentales.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1130 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1130 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"1375 beneficiaries (3 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"1375 beneficiarios (3 tratamientos y 1 control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Intention to register for the Temporary Protection Permit","Outcome_ind_es":"Intención de registrarse para el PPT","Effect":"-9.8","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"10,000 COP incentive per participant assigned to treatment; total program cost not reported","Cost_es":"Incentivo de 10,000 COP por participante asignado al tratamiento; no se informó el costo total del programa.","Link":"https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16521/the-fine-line-between-nudging-and-nagging-increasing-take-up-rates-through-social-media-platforms","Reference_en":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Reference_es":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Notes_en":"The effects are mostly driven by the treated individuals who received the links but did not watch the videos, who are older, busier, and with less internet access relative to other treated individuals.","Notes_es":"\"Los efectos son impulsados principalmente por los individuos tratados que recibieron los enlaces pero no vieron los videos, quienes son mayores, más ocupados y tienen menos acceso a internet en comparación con otros individuos tratados.\"","Outcome_abbr_en":"Permit registration intention","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":7},{"_id":59,"Study_ID":"ST-0019","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0019-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Title_es":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Study_en":"Urbina et al. 2023 (c)","Study_es":"Urbina et al. 2023","Context_en":"Undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia eligible for the ETPV regularization program (issuing the PPT temporary protection permit), residing in Magdalena and Atlántico departments","Context_es":"Migrantes forzados venezolanos en situación irregular en Colombia, registrados como elegibles para el programa de regularización ETPV que otorga un Permiso por Protección Temporal (PPT), residentes en los departamentos de Magdalena y Atlántico.","Intervention_en":"Informational video sent via WhatsApp addressing trust in the regularization program and government institutions.","Intervention_es":"Video informativo enviado por WhatsApp que aborda la confianza en el programa de regularización y en las instituciones gubernamentales.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1130 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1130 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"1375 beneficiaries (3 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"1375 beneficiarios (3 tratamientos y 1 control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of starting Temporary Protection Permit registration","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de iniciar el proceso de registro para el PPT","Effect":"-6.9","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.1","Significance_es":"0.1","Cost_en":"10,000 COP incentive per participant assigned to treatment; total program cost not reported","Cost_es":"Incentivo de 10,000 COP por participante asignado al tratamiento; no se informó el costo total del programa.","Link":"https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16521/the-fine-line-between-nudging-and-nagging-increasing-take-up-rates-through-social-media-platforms","Reference_en":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Reference_es":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Notes_en":"The effects are mostly driven by the treated individuals who received the links but did not watch the videos, who are older, busier, and with less internet access relative to other treated individuals.","Notes_es":"\"Los efectos son impulsados principalmente por los individuos tratados que recibieron los enlaces pero no vieron los videos, quienes son mayores, más ocupados y tienen menos acceso a internet en comparación con otros individuos tratados.\"","Outcome_abbr_en":"Permit registration initiation","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":8},{"_id":60,"Study_ID":"ST-0019","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0019-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Title_es":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Study_en":"Urbina et al. 2023 (c)","Study_es":"Urbina et al. 2023","Context_en":"Undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia eligible for the ETPV regularization program (issuing the PPT temporary protection permit), residing in Magdalena and Atlántico departments","Context_es":"Migrantes forzados venezolanos en situación irregular en Colombia, registrados como elegibles para el programa de regularización ETPV que otorga un Permiso por Protección Temporal (PPT), residentes en los departamentos de Magdalena y Atlántico.","Intervention_en":"Informational video sent via WhatsApp addressing trust in the regularization program and government institutions.","Intervention_es":"Video informativo enviado por WhatsApp que aborda la confianza en el programa de regularización y en las instituciones gubernamentales.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1130 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1130 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"1375 beneficiaries (3 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"1375 beneficiarios (3 tratamientos y 1 control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of requesting the Temporary Protection Permit","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de solicitar la presentación de PowerPoint","Effect":"-6.5","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"10,000 COP incentive per participant assigned to treatment; total program cost not reported","Cost_es":"Incentivo de 10,000 COP por participante asignado al tratamiento; no se informó el costo total del programa.","Link":"https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16521/the-fine-line-between-nudging-and-nagging-increasing-take-up-rates-through-social-media-platforms","Reference_en":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Reference_es":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Notes_en":"The effects are mostly driven by the treated individuals who received the links but did not watch the videos, who are older, busier, and with less internet access relative to other treated individuals.","Notes_es":"\"Los efectos son impulsados principalmente por los individuos tratados que recibieron los enlaces pero no vieron los videos, quienes son mayores, más ocupados y tienen menos acceso a internet en comparación con otros individuos tratados.\"","Outcome_abbr_en":"Permit request","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":9},{"_id":61,"Study_ID":"ST-0020","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0020-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Title_es":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Study_en":"Urbina et al. 2023 (d)","Study_es":"Urbina et al. 2023","Context_en":"Undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia eligible for the ETPV regularization program (issuing the PPT temporary protection permit), residing in Magdalena and Atlántico departments","Context_es":"Migrantes forzados venezolanos en situación irregular en Colombia, registrados como elegibles para el programa de regularización ETPV que otorga un Permiso por Protección Temporal (PPT), residentes en los departamentos de Magdalena y Atlántico.","Intervention_en":"Informational video sent via WhatsApp addressing step-by-step registration and administrative procedures required to complete the program application.","Intervention_es":"Video informativo enviado por WhatsApp que aborda el registro paso a paso y los procedimientos administrativos necesarios para completar la solicitud del programa.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1130 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1130 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"1375 beneficiaries (3 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"1375 beneficiarios (3 tratamientos y 1 control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Intention to register for the Temporary Protection Permit","Outcome_ind_es":"Intención de registrarse para el PPT","Effect":"-16.8","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"10,000 COP incentive per participant assigned to treatment; total program cost not reported","Cost_es":"Incentivo de 10,000 COP por participante asignado al tratamiento; no se informó el costo total del programa.","Link":"https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16521/the-fine-line-between-nudging-and-nagging-increasing-take-up-rates-through-social-media-platforms","Reference_en":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Reference_es":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Notes_en":"The effects are mostly driven by the treated individuals who received the links but did not watch the videos, who are older, busier, and with less internet access relative to other treated individuals.","Notes_es":"\"Los efectos son impulsados principalmente por los individuos tratados que recibieron los enlaces pero no vieron los videos, quienes son mayores, más ocupados y tienen menos acceso a internet en comparación con otros individuos tratados.\"","Outcome_abbr_en":"Permit registration intention","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":10},{"_id":62,"Study_ID":"ST-0020","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0020-002","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Title_es":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Study_en":"Urbina et al. 2023 (d)","Study_es":"Urbina et al. 2023","Context_en":"Undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia eligible for the ETPV regularization program (issuing the PPT temporary protection permit), residing in Magdalena and Atlántico departments","Context_es":"Migrantes forzados venezolanos en situación irregular en Colombia, registrados como elegibles para el programa de regularización ETPV que otorga un Permiso por Protección Temporal (PPT), residentes en los departamentos de Magdalena y Atlántico.","Intervention_en":"Informational video sent via WhatsApp addressing step-by-step registration and administrative procedures required to complete the program application.","Intervention_es":"Video informativo enviado por WhatsApp que aborda el registro paso a paso y los procedimientos administrativos necesarios para completar la solicitud del programa.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1130 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1130 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"1375 beneficiaries (3 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"1375 beneficiarios (3 tratamientos y 1 control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of starting Temporary Protection Permit registration","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de iniciar el proceso de registro para el PPT","Effect":"-10.8","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"10,000 COP incentive per participant assigned to treatment; total program cost not reported","Cost_es":"Incentivo de 10,000 COP por participante asignado al tratamiento; no se informó el costo total del programa.","Link":"https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16521/the-fine-line-between-nudging-and-nagging-increasing-take-up-rates-through-social-media-platforms","Reference_en":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Reference_es":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Notes_en":"The effects are mostly driven by the treated individuals who received the links but did not watch the videos, who are older, busier, and with less internet access relative to other treated individuals.","Notes_es":"\"Los efectos son impulsados principalmente por los individuos tratados que recibieron los enlaces pero no vieron los videos, quienes son mayores, más ocupados y tienen menos acceso a internet en comparación con otros individuos tratados.\"","Outcome_abbr_en":"Permit registration initiation","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":11},{"_id":63,"Study_ID":"ST-0020","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0020-003","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"Colombia","Country_name_es":"Colombia","Country_code":"CO","Title_en":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Title_es":"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms","Study_en":"Urbina et al. 2023 (d)","Study_es":"Urbina et al. 2023","Context_en":"Undocumented Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia eligible for the ETPV regularization program (issuing the PPT temporary protection permit), residing in Magdalena and Atlántico departments","Context_es":"Migrantes forzados venezolanos en situación irregular en Colombia, registrados como elegibles para el programa de regularización ETPV que otorga un Permiso por Protección Temporal (PPT), residentes en los departamentos de Magdalena y Atlántico.","Intervention_en":"Informational video sent via WhatsApp addressing step-by-step registration and administrative procedures required to complete the program application.","Intervention_es":"Video informativo enviado por WhatsApp que aborda el registro paso a paso y los procedimientos administrativos necesarios para completar la solicitud del programa.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digitally delivered beneficiary information and reminders","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Información y recordatorios para beneficiarios enviados digitalmente","Year_intervention":2021,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1130 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1130 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"1375 beneficiaries (3 treatments and 1 control, equal size)","Randomization_es":"1375 beneficiarios (3 tratamientos y 1 control, de igual tamaño)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Probability of requesting the Temporary Protection Permit","Outcome_ind_es":"Probabilidad de solicitar la presentación de PowerPoint","Effect":"-11.7","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"10,000 COP incentive per participant assigned to treatment; total program cost not reported","Cost_es":"Incentivo de 10,000 COP por participante asignado al tratamiento; no se informó el costo total del programa.","Link":"https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16521/the-fine-line-between-nudging-and-nagging-increasing-take-up-rates-through-social-media-platforms","Reference_en":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Reference_es":"Urbina, Maria José, Andrés Moya, and Sandra V. Rozo. 2023. \"The Fine Line between Nudging and Nagging: Increasing Take-up Rates through Social Media Platforms.\" IZA Discussion Paper No. 16521. Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).","Notes_en":"The effects are mostly driven by the treated individuals who received the links but did not watch the videos, who are older, busier, and with less internet access relative to other treated individuals.","Notes_es":"\"Los efectos son impulsados principalmente por los individuos tratados que recibieron los enlaces pero no vieron los videos, quienes son mayores, más ocupados y tienen menos acceso a internet en comparación con otros individuos tratados.\"","Outcome_abbr_en":"Permit request","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":12},{"_id":64,"Study_ID":"ST-0021","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0021-001","Sector_en":"Social Protection","Sector_es":"Protección Social","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Using Information and Technology to Improve the Efficacy of Welfare Programmes: Evidence From a Field Experiment in India","Title_es":"Using Information and Technology to Improve the Efficacy of Welfare Programmes: Evidence From a Field Experiment in India","Study_en":"Das et al. 2020","Study_es":"Das et al. 2020","Context_en":"Rural Gram Panchayats under MGNREGS (public works programme)","Context_es":"Gram Panchayats rurales bajo el programa MGNREGS (programa de obras públicas).","Intervention_en":"Digital transparency and information intervention: automated retrieval of public administrative wage data + personalized wage credit list posting + mobile phone voice messages + local meetings","Intervention_es":"Transparencia digital e intervención informativa: recuperación automatizada de datos salariales administrativos públicos + publicación personalizada de listas de créditos salariales + mensajes de voz por teléfono móvil + reuniones locales","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Digital government monitoring and transparency systems","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Sistemas digitales de monitoreo gubernamental y transparencia","Year_intervention":2017,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1314 beneficiaries","Observations_es":"1314 beneficiarios","Randomization_en":"49 Gram Panchayats  (26 treatment and 23 control)","Randomization_es":"49 Gram Panchayats (26 en tratamiento y 23 en control)","Outcome_en":"Take-up","Outcome_es":"Participación","Outcome_ind_en":"Days worked under MGNREGS","Outcome_ind_es":"Días trabajados bajo MGNREGS","Effect":"-0.214","Unit_measurement_en":"Log(days + 1)","Unit_measurement_es":"Logaritmo de (días + 1)","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"Adding up the latter expenses, the total cost of implementing the intervention every peak month for each block would be $545. With other miscellaneous costs of $455, this amounts to $1,000 for every block.","Cost_es":"Sumando todos los gastos, el costo total de implementar la intervención cada mes pico para cada bloque sería de 545 USD. Con otros costos misceláneos de $455, esto asciende a $1,000 por bloque.","Link":"https://hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/gdi/publications/workingpapers/GDI/gdi-working-paper-202049-das-paul-sharma.pdf","Reference_en":"Das, Upasak, Amartya Paul, and Mohit Sharma. 2020. \"Using Information and Technology to Improve the Efficacy of Welfare Programmes: Evidence from a Field Experiment in India.\" SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3712047.","Reference_es":"Das, Upasak, Amartya Paul, and Mohit Sharma. 2020. \"Using Information and Technology to Improve the Efficacy of Welfare Programmes: Evidence from a Field Experiment in India.\" SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3712047.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"MGNREGS workdays","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"Log(days + 1)","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":65,"Study_ID":"ST-0022","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0022-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"China","Country_name_es":"China","Country_code":"CN","Title_en":"Computer assisted learning as extracurricular tutor? Evidence from a randomised experiment in rural boarding schools in Shaanxi","Title_es":"Computer assisted learning as extracurricular tutor? Evidence from a randomised experiment in rural boarding schools in Shaanxi","Study_en":"Lai et al. 2013","Study_es":"Lai et al. 2013","Context_en":"Third- and fifth-grade boarding students in poor rural areas of Shaanxi Province.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de tercer y quinto grado residentes en internados en áreas rurales pobres de la provincia de Shaanxi.","Intervention_en":"Computer‑Assisted Learning (CAL) program with two 40‑minute math sessions per week after school, using videos and games aligned to the national curriculum.","Intervention_es":"Programa de Aprendizaje Asistido por Computadora (CAL) con dos sesiones de matemáticas de 40 minutos por semana después de la escuela, utilizando videos y juegos alineados con el currículo nacional.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student self-paced computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora a ritmo propio del estudiante","Year_intervention":2011,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"2613 students","Observations_es":"2613 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"72 schools (36 treatment and 36 control)","Randomization_es":"72 escuelas (36 tratamiento y 36 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.12","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2013.780089","Reference_en":"Lai, Fang, Linxiu Zhang, Xiao Hu, Qinghe Qu, Yaojiang Shi, Yajie Qiao, Matthew Boswell, and Scott Rozelle. 2013. \"Computer Assisted Learning as Extracurricular Tutor? Evidence from a Randomised Experiment in Rural Boarding Schools in Shaanxi.\" Journal of Development Effectiveness 5 (2): 208–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2013.780089.","Reference_es":"Lai, Fang, Linxiu Zhang, Xiao Hu, Qinghe Qu, Yaojiang Shi, Yajie Qiao, Matthew Boswell, and Scott Rozelle. 2013. \"Computer Assisted Learning as Extracurricular Tutor? Evidence from a Randomised Experiment in Rural Boarding Schools in Shaanxi.\" Journal of Development Effectiveness 5 (2): 208–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2013.780089.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":66,"Study_ID":"ST-0023","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0023-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"China","Country_name_es":"China","Country_code":"CN","Title_en":"Does computer-assisted learning improve learning outcomes? Evidence from a randomized experiment in migrant schools in Beijing","Title_es":"Does computer-assisted learning improve learning outcomes? Evidence from a randomized experiment in migrant schools in Beijing","Study_en":"Lai et al. 2015","Study_es":"Lai et al. 2015","Context_en":"Third-grade students from poor migrant families attending low-quality migrant schools in Beijing.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de tercer grado de familias migrantes pobres que asisten a escuelas de baja calidad para migrantes en Beijing.","Intervention_en":"Computer‑Assisted Learning (CAL) program with two 40‑minute math sessions per week during lunch or after school, using animation‑based videos and games aligned to the national curriculum.","Intervention_es":"Programa de Aprendizaje Asistido por Computadora (CAL) con dos sesiones de matemáticas de 40 minutos por semana durante el almuerzo o después de la escuela, utilizando videos y juegos basados en animación alineados con el currículo nacional.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student self-paced computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora a ritmo propio del estudiante","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"2369 students","Observations_es":"2369 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"43 schools (24 treatment and 19 control)","Randomization_es":"43 escuelas (24 tratamiento y 19 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.15","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"7.9-8.8 USD per student","Cost_es":"7.9-8.8 USD por estudiante","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027277571500045X","Reference_en":"Lai, Fang, Renfu Luo, Linxiu Zhang, Xinzhe Huang, and Scott Rozelle. 2015. \"Does Computer-Assisted Learning Improve Learning Outcomes? Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Migrant Schools in Beijing.\" Economics of Education Review 47: 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2015.03.005.","Reference_es":"Lai, Fang, Renfu Luo, Linxiu Zhang, Xinzhe Huang, and Scott Rozelle. 2015. \"Does Computer-Assisted Learning Improve Learning Outcomes? Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Migrant Schools in Beijing.\" Economics of Education Review 47: 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2015.03.005.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":67,"Study_ID":"ST-0024","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0024-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Peru","Country_name_es":"Perú","Country_code":"PE","Title_en":"One Laptop per Child at Home: Short-Term Impacts from a Randomized Experiment in Peru","Title_es":"One Laptop per Child at Home: Short-Term Impacts from a Randomized Experiment in Peru","Study_en":"Beuermann et al. 2015","Study_es":"Beuermann et al. 2015","Context_en":"Third- to sixth-grade students attending large, low-performing public primary schools in low-income areas of Lima.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de tercer a sexto grado que asisten a escuelas primarias públicas grandes y de bajo rendimiento en áreas de bajos ingresos de Lima.","Intervention_en":"One Laptop per Child (OLPC) program providing XO laptops for home use, preloaded with educational applications, e‑books, and games, plus manuals and training sessions.","Intervention_es":"Programa Una Laptop por Niño (OLPC) que proporciona laptops XO para uso doméstico, precargadas con aplicaciones educativas, libros electrónicos y juegos, además de manuales y sesiones de capacitación.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student device distribution","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Entrega de dispositivos a estudiantes","Year_intervention":2011,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"766 students","Observations_es":"766 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"28 schools (14 treatment and 14 control)","Randomization_es":"28 escuelas (14 tratamiento y 14 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.07","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.20130267","Reference_en":"Beuermann, Diether W., Julian Cristia, Santiago Cueto, Ofer Malamud, and Yyannu Cruz-Aguayo. 2015. \"One Laptop per Child at Home: Short-Term Impacts from a Randomized Experiment in Peru.\" American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 7 (2): 53–80. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20130267.","Reference_es":"Beuermann, Diether W., Julian Cristia, Santiago Cueto, Ofer Malamud, and Yyannu Cruz-Aguayo. 2015. \"One Laptop per Child at Home: Short-Term Impacts from a Randomized Experiment in Peru.\" American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 7 (2): 53–80. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20130267.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":68,"Study_ID":"ST-0024","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0024-002","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Peru","Country_name_es":"Perú","Country_code":"PE","Title_en":"One Laptop per Child at Home: Short-Term Impacts from a Randomized Experiment in Peru","Title_es":"One Laptop per Child at Home: Short-Term Impacts from a Randomized Experiment in Peru","Study_en":"Beuermann et al. 2015","Study_es":"Beuermann et al. 2015","Context_en":"Third- to sixth-grade students attending large, low-performing public primary schools in low-income areas of Lima.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de tercer a sexto grado que asisten a escuelas primarias públicas grandes y de bajo rendimiento en áreas de bajos ingresos de Lima.","Intervention_en":"One Laptop per Child (OLPC) program providing XO laptops for home use, preloaded with educational applications, e‑books, and games, plus manuals and training sessions.","Intervention_es":"Programa Una Laptop por Niño (OLPC) que proporciona laptops XO para uso doméstico, precargadas con aplicaciones educativas, libros electrónicos y juegos, además de manuales y sesiones de capacitación.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student device distribution","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Entrega de dispositivos a estudiantes","Year_intervention":2011,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"753 students","Observations_es":"753 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"28 schools (14 treatment and 14 control)","Randomization_es":"28 escuelas (14 tratamiento y 14 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Reading scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Puntuaciones de lectura","Effect":"0.05","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.20130267","Reference_en":"Beuermann, Diether W., Julian Cristia, Santiago Cueto, Ofer Malamud, and Yyannu Cruz-Aguayo. 2015. \"One Laptop per Child at Home: Short-Term Impacts from a Randomized Experiment in Peru.\" American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 7 (2): 53–80. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20130267.","Reference_es":"Beuermann, Diether W., Julian Cristia, Santiago Cueto, Ofer Malamud, and Yyannu Cruz-Aguayo. 2015. \"One Laptop per Child at Home: Short-Term Impacts from a Randomized Experiment in Peru.\" American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 7 (2): 53–80. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20130267.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Reading scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":69,"Study_ID":"ST-0025","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0025-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"China","Country_name_es":"China","Country_code":"CN","Title_en":"Computers and the academic performance of elementary school-aged girls in China's poor communities","Title_es":"Computers and the academic performance of elementary school-aged girls in China's poor communities","Study_en":"Yang et al. 2013 (a)","Study_es":"Yang et al. 2013","Context_en":"Third‑grade students attending low‑quality private migrant schools in Beijing, serving children of rural‑to‑urban migrant families with limited educational resources.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de tercer grado que asisten a escuelas privadas de baja calidad para migrantes en Beijing, que atienden a niños de familias migrantes del campo a la ciudad con recursos educativos limitados.","Intervention_en":"Computer‑Assisted Learning (CAL) program with two 40‑minute math sessions per week during lunch or after school, using instructional videos and games aligned to the national curriculum.","Intervention_es":"Programa de Aprendizaje Asistido por Computadora (CAL) con dos sesiones de matemáticas de 40 minutos por semana durante el almuerzo o después de la escuela, utilizando videos instructivos y juegos alineados con el currículo nacional.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student self-paced computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora a ritmo propio del estudiante","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"2157 students","Observations_es":"2157 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"24 schools, 54 classes (24 treatment and 30  control)","Randomization_es":"24 escuelas, 54 clases (24 tratamiento y 30 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.14","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131512001972","Reference_en":"Yang, Yihua, Linxiu Zhang, Junxia Zeng, Xiaopeng Pang, Fang Lai, and Scott Rozelle. 2013. \"Computers and the Academic Performance of Elementary School-Aged Girls in China's Poor Communities.\" Computers & Education 60 (1): 335–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.08.011.","Reference_es":"Yang, Yihua, Linxiu Zhang, Junxia Zeng, Xiaopeng Pang, Fang Lai, and Scott Rozelle. 2013. \"Computers and the Academic Performance of Elementary School-Aged Girls in China's Poor Communities.\" Computers & Education 60 (1): 335–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.08.011.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":70,"Study_ID":"ST-0026","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0026-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"China","Country_name_es":"China","Country_code":"CN","Title_en":"Computers and the academic performance of elementary school-aged girls in China's poor communities","Title_es":"Computers and the academic performance of elementary school-aged girls in China's poor communities","Study_en":"Yang et al. 2013 (b)","Study_es":"Yang et al. 2013","Context_en":"Third- and fifth-grade boarding students in poor rural public boarding schools in Shaanxi Province, a predominantly Han region with low household income and limited academic support at home","Context_es":"Estudiantes de tercer y quinto grado residentes en internados de escuelas públicas rurales pobres de la provincia de Shaanxi, una región predominantemente Han caracterizada por bajos ingresos familiares y acceso limitado a apoyo académico en casa.","Intervention_en":"Computer‑Assisted Learning (CAL) program with two 40‑minute math sessions per week after school, using instructional videos and games aligned to the national curriculum.","Intervention_es":"Programa de Aprendizaje Asistido por Computadora (CAL) con dos sesiones de matemáticas de 40 minutos por semana después de la escuela, utilizando videos instructivos y juegos alineados con el currículo nacional.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student self-paced computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora a ritmo propio del estudiante","Year_intervention":2011,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"2613 students","Observations_es":"2613 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"72 schools (36 treatment and 36 control)","Randomization_es":"72 escuelas (36 tratamiento y 36 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.12","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131512001972","Reference_en":"Yang, Yihua, Linxiu Zhang, Junxia Zeng, Xiaopeng Pang, Fang Lai, and Scott Rozelle. 2013. \"Computers and the Academic Performance of Elementary School-Aged Girls in China's Poor Communities.\" Computers & Education 60 (1): 335–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.08.011.","Reference_es":"Yang, Yihua, Linxiu Zhang, Junxia Zeng, Xiaopeng Pang, Fang Lai, and Scott Rozelle. 2013. \"Computers and the Academic Performance of Elementary School-Aged Girls in China's Poor Communities.\" Computers & Education 60 (1): 335–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.08.011.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":71,"Study_ID":"ST-0027","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0027-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Disrupting Education? Experimental Evidence on Technology-Aided Instruction in India","Title_es":"Disrupting Education? Experimental Evidence on Technology-Aided Instruction in India","Study_en":"Muralidharan et al. 2019","Study_es":"Muralidharan et al. 2019","Context_en":"Sixth‑ to ninth‑grade students from low‑income public schools in Delhi, characterized by large learning deficits and wide heterogeneity in achievement levels.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de sexto a noveno grado de escuelas públicas de bajos ingresos en Delhi, caracterizadas por grandes déficits de aprendizaje y una amplia heterogeneidad en los niveles de rendimiento.","Intervention_en":"Personalized technology‑aided after‑school instruction program (Mindspark), combining individualized computer‑based learning with small‑group instructor support in daily 90‑minute sessions.","Intervention_es":"Programa de instrucción después de la escuela con tecnología personalizada (Mindspark), que combina el aprendizaje individualizado por computadora con el apoyo de un instructor en grupos pequeños en sesiones diarias de 90 minutos.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Teacher-led computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora guiado por docentes","Year_intervention":2015,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"535 students","Observations_es":"535 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"619 students (314 treatment and 305 control)","Randomization_es":"619 estudiantes (314 tratamiento y 305 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.37","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"1,000 INR (15 USD) per student per month","Cost_es":"1,000 INR (15 USD) por estudiante por mes","Link":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20171112","Reference_en":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Abhijeet Singh, and Alejandro J. Ganimian. 2019. \"Disrupting Education? Experimental Evidence on Technology-Aided Instruction in India.\" American Economic Review 109 (4): 1426–60. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20171112.","Reference_es":"Muralidharan, Karthik, Abhijeet Singh, and Alejandro J. Ganimian. 2019. \"Disrupting Education? Experimental Evidence on Technology-Aided Instruction in India.\" American Economic Review 109 (4): 1426–60. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20171112.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":72,"Study_ID":"ST-0028","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0028-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Peru","Country_name_es":"Perú","Country_code":"PE","Title_en":"Technology and Child Development: Evidence from the One Laptop per Child Program","Title_es":"Technology and Child Development: Evidence from the One Laptop per Child Program","Study_en":"Cristia et al. 2017","Study_es":"Cristia et al. 2017","Context_en":"Primary school students attending small, poor, isolated rural public schools, with very limited access to technology and low baseline academic performance.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de primaria que asisten a escuelas públicas rurales pequeñas, pobres, aisladas, con acceso muy limitado a la tecnología y bajo rendimiento académico inicial.","Intervention_en":"Distribution of personal XO laptops with devices intended for use both at school and at home, accompanied by basic teacher training and pre‑loaded educational software (One Laptop per Child Program).","Intervention_es":"Distribución de computadoras portátiles personales XO con dispositivos destinados a ser utilizados tanto en la escuela como en casa, acompañados de capacitación básica para docentes y software educativo precargado (Programa Una Computadora Portátil por Niño).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student device distribution","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Entrega de dispositivos a estudiantes","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"4091 students","Observations_es":"4091 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"318 schools (209 treatment and 109 control)","Randomization_es":"318 escuelas (209 tratamiento y 109 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.052","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"200 USD per laptop","Cost_es":"200 USD por computadora portátil","Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26598063","Reference_en":"Cristia, Julian, Pablo Ibarrarán, Santiago Cueto, Ana Santiago, and Eugenio Severín. 2017. \"Technology and Child Development: Evidence from the One Laptop per Child Program.\" American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 9 (3): 295–320. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20150385.","Reference_es":"Cristia, Julian, Pablo Ibarrarán, Santiago Cueto, Ana Santiago, and Eugenio Severín. 2017. \"Technology and Child Development: Evidence from the One Laptop per Child Program.\" American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 9 (3): 295–320. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20150385.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":73,"Study_ID":"ST-0029","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0029-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Impact of use of technology on student learning outcomes: Evidence from a large-scale experiment in India","Title_es":"Impact of use of technology on student learning outcomes: Evidence from a large-scale experiment in India","Study_en":"Naik et al. 2020 (a)","Study_es":"Naik et al. 2020","Context_en":"Eighth‑grade students in rural government schools located in economically backward regions of Karnataka.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de octavo grado en escuelas gubernamentales rurales ubicadas en regiones económicamente rezagadas de Karnataka.","Intervention_en":"Satellite‑based multimedia teaching program (SAMIE) delivering live, centrally produced lectures that replace one‑third of regular instructional time in English grammar, mathematics, and science.","Intervention_es":"Programa de enseñanza multimedia basado en satélites (SAMIE) que ofrece conferencias en vivo producidas centralmente, las cuales reemplazan un tercio del tiempo de instrucción regular en gramática inglesa, matemáticas y ciencias.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student broadcast instruction without direct teacher interaction","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Instrucción transmitida a estudiantes sin interacción directa con docentes","Year_intervention":2014,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"4369 students","Observations_es":"4369 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"143 schools (74 treatment and 69 control)","Randomization_es":"143 escuelas (74 tratamiento y 69 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.066","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"14 USD (INR 930) per student per year.","Cost_es":"14 USD (930 INR) por estudiante por año.","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X19303857","Reference_en":"Naik, Gopal, Chetan Chitre, Manaswini Bhalla, and Jothsna Rajan. 2020. \"Impact of Use of Technology on Student Learning Outcomes: Evidence from a Large-Scale Experiment in India.\" World Development 127: 104736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104736.","Reference_es":"Naik, Gopal, Chetan Chitre, Manaswini Bhalla, and Jothsna Rajan. 2020. \"Impact of Use of Technology on Student Learning Outcomes: Evidence from a Large-Scale Experiment in India.\" World Development 127: 104736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104736.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":74,"Study_ID":"ST-0030","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0030-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Impact of use of technology on student learning outcomes: Evidence from a large-scale experiment in India","Title_es":"Impact of use of technology on student learning outcomes: Evidence from a large-scale experiment in India","Study_en":"Naik et al. 2020 (b)","Study_es":"Naik et al. 2020","Context_en":"Ninth‑grade students in rural government schools located in economically backward regions of Karnataka.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de noveno grado en escuelas gubernamentales rurales ubicadas en regiones económicamente rezagadas de Karnataka.","Intervention_en":"Satellite‑based multimedia teaching program (SAMIE) delivering live, centrally produced lectures that replace one‑third of regular instructional time in English grammar, mathematics, and science.","Intervention_es":"Programa de enseñanza multimedia basado en satélites (SAMIE) que ofrece conferencias en vivo producidas centralmente, las cuales reemplazan un tercio del tiempo de instrucción regular en gramática inglesa, matemáticas y ciencias.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student broadcast instruction without direct teacher interaction","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Instrucción transmitida a estudiantes sin interacción directa con docentes","Year_intervention":2014,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"5255 students","Observations_es":"5255 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"143 schools (74 treatment and 69 control)","Randomization_es":"143 escuelas (74 tratamiento y 69 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.137","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"14 USD (INR 930) per student per year.","Cost_es":"14 USD (930 INR) por estudiante por año.","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X19303857","Reference_en":"Naik, Gopal, Chetan Chitre, Manaswini Bhalla, and Jothsna Rajan. 2020. \"Impact of Use of Technology on Student Learning Outcomes: Evidence from a Large-Scale Experiment in India.\" World Development 127: 104736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104736.","Reference_es":"Naik, Gopal, Chetan Chitre, Manaswini Bhalla, and Jothsna Rajan. 2020. \"Impact of Use of Technology on Student Learning Outcomes: Evidence from a Large-Scale Experiment in India.\" World Development 127: 104736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104736.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":75,"Study_ID":"ST-0031","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0031-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Impact of use of technology on student learning outcomes: Evidence from a large-scale experiment in India","Title_es":"Impact of use of technology on student learning outcomes: Evidence from a large-scale experiment in India","Study_en":"Naik et al. 2020 (c)","Study_es":"Naik et al. 2020","Context_en":"Tenth‑grade students in rural government schools located in economically backward regions of Karnataka.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de décimo grado en escuelas gubernamentales rurales ubicadas en regiones económicamente rezagadas de Karnataka.","Intervention_en":"Satellite‑based multimedia teaching program (SAMIE) delivering live, centrally produced lectures that replace one‑third of regular instructional time in English grammar, mathematics, and science.","Intervention_es":"Programa de enseñanza multimedia basado en satélites (SAMIE) que ofrece conferencias en vivo producidas centralmente, las cuales reemplazan un tercio del tiempo de instrucción regular en gramática inglesa, matemáticas y ciencias.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student broadcast instruction without direct teacher interaction","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Instrucción transmitida a estudiantes sin interacción directa con docentes","Year_intervention":2014,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"4951 students","Observations_es":"4951 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"143 schools (74 treatment and 69 control)","Randomization_es":"143 escuelas (74 tratamiento y 69 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.022","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"14 USD (INR 930) per student per year.","Cost_es":"14 USD (930 INR) por estudiante por año.","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X19303857","Reference_en":"Naik, Gopal, Chetan Chitre, Manaswini Bhalla, and Jothsna Rajan. 2020. \"Impact of Use of Technology on Student Learning Outcomes: Evidence from a Large-Scale Experiment in India.\" World Development 127: 104736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104736.","Reference_es":"Naik, Gopal, Chetan Chitre, Manaswini Bhalla, and Jothsna Rajan. 2020. \"Impact of Use of Technology on Student Learning Outcomes: Evidence from a Large-Scale Experiment in India.\" World Development 127: 104736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104736.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":3},{"_id":76,"Study_ID":"ST-0032","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0032-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"China","Country_name_es":"China","Country_code":"CN","Title_en":"Can One-to-One Computing Narrow the Digital Divide and the Educational Gap in China? The Case of Beijing Migrant Schools","Title_es":"Can One-to-One Computing Narrow the Digital Divide and the Educational Gap in China? The Case of Beijing Migrant Schools","Study_en":"Mo et al. 2013","Study_es":"Mo et al. 2013","Context_en":"Third‑grade students in low‑quality, privately run migrant schools in the suburban districts of Beijing.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de tercer grado en escuelas privadas de migrantes de baja calidad en los distritos suburbanos de Beijing.","Intervention_en":"One Laptop per Child model: each student received a personal laptop preloaded with curriculum-aligned remedial tutoring software, plus a single training session for students and parents","Intervention_es":"Programa de distribución de portátiles uno a uno, basado en el modelo de One Laptop per Child, que proporciona a cada estudiante un portátil personal precargado con software de tutoría correctiva alineado con el currículo y una única sesión de formación para estudiantes y padres.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student device distribution","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Entrega de dispositivos a estudiantes","Year_intervention":2011,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"250 students","Observations_es":"250 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"300 students (150 treatment and 150 control)","Randomization_es":"300 estudiantes (150 tratamiento y 150 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.17","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.1","Significance_es":"0.1","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X13000077","Reference_en":"Mo, Di, Johan Swinnen, Linxiu Zhang, et al. 2013. \"Can One-to-One Computing Narrow the Digital Divide and the Educational Gap in China? The Case of Beijing Migrant Schools.\" World Development 46: 14–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.12.019.","Reference_es":"Mo, Di, Johan Swinnen, Linxiu Zhang, et al. 2013. \"Can One-to-One Computing Narrow the Digital Divide and the Educational Gap in China? The Case of Beijing Migrant Schools.\" World Development 46: 14–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.12.019.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":77,"Study_ID":"ST-0033","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0033-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"China","Country_name_es":"China","Country_code":"CN","Title_en":"Integrating computer-assisted learning into a regular curriculum: evidence from a randomised experiment in rural schools in Shaanxi","Title_es":"Integrating computer-assisted learning into a regular curriculum: evidence from a randomised experiment in rural schools in Shaanxi","Study_en":"Mo et al. 2014","Study_es":"Mo et al. 2014","Context_en":"Third‑ and fifth‑grade students in poor rural public schools in Ankang Prefecture, Shaanxi Province.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de tercer y quinto grado en escuelas públicas rurales pobres de la prefectura de Ankang, provincia de Shaanxi.","Intervention_en":"Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL): two 40-minute math sessions weekly during regular school hours, replacing computer class periods, using instructional videos and games aligned to the curriculum","Intervention_es":"Programa de Aprendizaje Asistido por Computadora (CAL) con dos sesiones de matemáticas de 40 minutos por semana integradas en el horario escolar regular, reemplazando los periodos de clase de informática, utilizando videos y juegos educativos alineados con el currículo nacional.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student self-paced computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora a ritmo propio del estudiante","Year_intervention":2011,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"5267 students","Observations_es":"5267 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"72 schools (36 treatment and 36 control)","Randomization_es":"72 escuelas (36 tratamiento y 36 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.16","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Total programme cost: USD 9,439 (implementation year)","Cost_es":"Costo total del programa: USD 9439 (año de implementación)","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2014.911770","Reference_en":"Mo, Di, Linxiu Zhang, Renfu Luo, et al. 2014. \"Integrating Computer-Assisted Learning into a Regular Curriculum: Evidence from a Randomised Experiment in Rural Schools in Shaanxi.\" Journal of Development Effectiveness 6 (3): 300–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2014.911770.","Reference_es":"Mo, Di, Linxiu Zhang, Renfu Luo, et al. 2014. \"Integrating Computer-Assisted Learning into a Regular Curriculum: Evidence from a Randomised Experiment in Rural Schools in Shaanxi.\" Journal of Development Effectiveness 6 (3): 300–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2014.911770.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":78,"Study_ID":"ST-0034","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0034-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Mexico","Country_name_es":"México","Country_code":"MX","Title_en":"The heterogeneous effect of information on student performance: Evidence from a randomized control trial in Mexico","Title_es":"The heterogeneous effect of information on student performance: Evidence from a randomized control trial in Mexico","Study_en":"Avitabile and de Hoyos 2018","Study_es":"Avitabile and de Hoyos 2018","Context_en":"Tenth‑grade students enrolled in federal technological upper‑secondary schools across Mexico.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de décimo grado inscritos en escuelas secundarias superiores tecnológicas federales en todo México.","Intervention_en":"Zero-cost information package via interactive computer module: gave 10th graders data on monetary/non-monetary returns to upper-secondary and tertiary education and on funding options","Intervention_es":"Paquete informativo entregado a través de un módulo informático interactivo que proporciona a los estudiantes datos sobre los rendimientos de la educación secundaria superior y terciaria, las oportunidades de ayuda financiera y la esperanza de vida (Programa de Percepciones Informativas).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Other","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Otros","Year_intervention":2009,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"2520 students","Observations_es":"2520 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"54 schools (26 treatment and 28 control)","Randomization_es":"54 escuelas (26 tratamiento y 28 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.285","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387818304565","Reference_en":"Avitabile, Ciro, and Rafael de Hoyos. 2018. \"The Heterogeneous Effect of Information on Student Performance: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial in Mexico.\" Journal of Development Economics 135: 318–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.07.008.","Reference_es":"Avitabile, Ciro, and Rafael de Hoyos. 2018. \"The Heterogeneous Effect of Information on Student Performance: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial in Mexico.\" Journal of Development Economics 135: 318–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.07.008.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":79,"Study_ID":"ST-0035","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0035-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"South Africa","Country_name_es":"Sudáfrica","Country_code":"ZA","Title_en":"Can virtual replace in-person coaching? Experimental evidence on teacher professional development and student learning","Title_es":"Can virtual replace in-person coaching? Experimental evidence on teacher professional development and student learning","Study_en":"Cilliers et al. 2022","Study_es":"Cilliers et al. 2022","Context_en":"Grade 1-3 teachers and their students in non‑fee‑paying public primary schools in Mpumalanga Province.","Context_es":"Maestros de primer a tercer grado y sus alumnos en escuelas primarias públicas gratuitas de la provincia de Mpumalanga.","Intervention_en":"Remote pedagogical coaching program delivered through phone calls, text messages, WhatsApp communication, and tablet‑based digital lesson plans (Virtual Coaching Program).","Intervention_es":"Programa de tutoría pedagógica a distancia impartido a través de llamadas telefónicas, mensajes de texto, comunicación por WhatsApp y planes de lecciones digitales basados en tabletas (Programa de Tutoría Virtual).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Teacher digital training","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Capacitación digital para docentes","Year_intervention":2017,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"2632 students","Observations_es":"2632 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"180 schools (50 for each treatment and 80 control)","Randomization_es":"180 escuelas (50 para cada tratamiento y 80 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Reading scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Puntuaciones de lectura","Effect":"0","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387821001668","Reference_en":"Cilliers, Jacobus, Brahm Fleisch, Janeli Kotze, Nompumelelo Mohohlwane, Stephen Taylor, and Tsegofatso Thulare. 2022. \"Can Virtual Replace In-Person Coaching? Experimental Evidence on Teacher Professional Development and Student Learning.\" Journal of Development Economics 155: 102815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102815.","Reference_es":"Cilliers, Jacobus, Brahm Fleisch, Janeli Kotze, Nompumelelo Mohohlwane, Stephen Taylor, and Tsegofatso Thulare. 2022. \"Can Virtual Replace In-Person Coaching? Experimental Evidence on Teacher Professional Development and Student Learning.\" Journal of Development Economics 155: 102815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102815.","Notes_en":"The intervention includes two distinct treatment arms—an on‑site coaching program and a remote coaching program. The information reported here refers exclusively to the remote coaching treatment.","Notes_es":"La intervención incluye dos brazos de tratamiento distintos: un programa de coaching in situ y un programa de coaching remoto. La información aquí reportada se refiere exclusivamente al tratamiento de coaching a distancia.","Outcome_abbr_en":"Reading scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":80,"Study_ID":"ST-0036","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0036-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Paraguay","Country_name_es":"Paraguay","Country_code":"PY","Title_en":"Fostering Early Math Comprehension: Experimental Evidence from Paraguay","Title_es":"Fostering Early Math Comprehension: Experimental Evidence from Paraguay","Study_en":"Naslund-Hadley et al. 2014","Study_es":"Naslund-Hadley et al. 2014","Context_en":"Preschool children enrolled in public schools in the department of Cordillera.","Context_es":"Niños de preescolar matriculados en escuelas públicas del departamento de Cordillera.","Intervention_en":"Interactive bilingual (Spanish-Guarani) audio lessons covering the full preschool math curriculum (108 scripted lessons), with teacher training and in-class tutoring on the audio methodology","Intervention_es":"Instrucción interactiva de matemáticas preescolares basada en audio, impartida a través de 108 lecciones de audio bilingües (español-guaraní) con guiones, capacitación para docentes y tutoría en el aula (Tikichuela: Matemáticas en mi escuela).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Teacher-led computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora guiado por docentes","Year_intervention":2011,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"265 schools","Observations_es":"265 escuelas","Randomization_en":"265 schools (131 treatment and 134 control)","Randomization_es":"265 escuelas (131 tratamiento y 134 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.16","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1055163","Reference_en":"Naslund-Hadley, Emma, Susan W. Parker, and Juan Manuel Hernandez-Agramonte. 2014. \"Fostering Early Math Comprehension: Experimental Evidence from Paraguay.\" Global Education Review 1 (4): 135–54.","Reference_es":"Naslund-Hadley, Emma, Susan W. Parker, and Juan Manuel Hernandez-Agramonte. 2014. \"Fostering Early Math Comprehension: Experimental Evidence from Paraguay.\" Global Education Review 1 (4): 135–54.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":81,"Study_ID":"ST-0037","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0037-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Bangladesh","Country_name_es":"Bangladesh","Country_code":"BD","Title_en":"Telementoring and Homeschooling During School Closures: a Randomised Experiment in Rural Bangladesh","Title_es":"Telementoring and Homeschooling During School Closures: a Randomised Experiment in Rural Bangladesh","Study_en":"Hassan et al. 2024","Study_es":"Hassan et al. 2024","Context_en":"Mothers and their primary‑school children in grades 1-3 living in rural villages of Khulna Division during COVID 19.","Context_es":"Madres y sus hijos de primaria en los grados 1 a 3 que viven en aldeas rurales de la División de Khulna durante la pandemia COVID-19.","Intervention_en":"Over‑the‑phone weekly tutoring for children plus structured homeschooling mentoring for mothers, delivered by trained university‑student volunteers (Telementoring Program).","Intervention_es":"Tutoría semanal por teléfono para niños más tutoría estructurada en casa para madres, impartida por voluntarios universitarios capacitados durante 13 semanas de cierre de escuelas por Covid-19 (Programa de Telementoría).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student remote tutoring","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Tutoría remota para estudiantes","Year_intervention":2020,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"838 pairs of a mother and their child","Observations_es":"838 pares de una madre y un hijo","Randomization_en":"838 pairs of a mother and their child (419 treatment and 419 control)","Randomization_es":"838 pares de una madre y un hijo (419 tratamiento y 419 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.56","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"Not reported","Significance_es":"No reportado","Cost_en":"20 USD per student","Cost_es":"20 USD por estudiante","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueae014","Reference_en":"Hassan, Hashibul, Asad Islam, Abu Siddique, and Liang Choon Wang. 2024. \"Telementoring and Homeschooling During School Closures: A Randomised Experiment in Rural Bangladesh.\" The Economic Journal 134 (662): 2418–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueae014.","Reference_es":"Hassan, Hashibul, Asad Islam, Abu Siddique, and Liang Choon Wang. 2024. \"Telementoring and Homeschooling During School Closures: A Randomised Experiment in Rural Bangladesh.\" The Economic Journal 134 (662): 2418–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueae014.","Notes_en":"The reported coefficient corresponds to the estimate obtained one month after the intervention. At the one‑year endline, the coefficient is 0.44 (statistical significance not specified)","Notes_es":"El coeficiente reportado corresponde a la estimación obtenida un mes después de la intervención. Al final del primer año, el coeficiente es 0.44 (no se especifica la significancia estadística).","Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":82,"Study_ID":"ST-0038","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0038-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"China","Country_name_es":"China","Country_code":"CN","Title_en":"Isolating the “Tech” from EdTech: Experimental Evidence on Computer-Assisted Learning in China","Title_es":"Isolating the “Tech” from EdTech: Experimental Evidence on Computer-Assisted Learning in China","Study_en":"Ma et al. 2024","Study_es":"Ma et al. 2024","Context_en":"Fourth‑ to sixth‑grade boarding students in rural public primary schools across nine impoverished counties in Shaanxi Province.","Context_es":"Estudiantes residentes en internados de cuarto a sexto grado en escuelas primarias públicas rurales de nueve condados empobrecidos de la provincia de Shaanxi.","Intervention_en":"Supplemental computer‑assisted learning program providing weekly 40‑minute after‑school math practice using gamified, adaptive educational software aligned with the national curriculum.","Intervention_es":"Programa complementario de aprendizaje asistido por computadora que proporciona práctica semanal de matemáticas de 40 minutos después de la escuela utilizando software educativo gamificado y adaptativo alineado con el currículo nacional (Programa Complementario de CAL).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student self-paced computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora a ritmo propio del estudiante","Year_intervention":2017,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3928 students","Observations_es":"3928 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"352 classes (116 treatment-CAL, 118 treatment-workbook and 118 control)","Randomization_es":"352 clases (116 tratamiento-CAL, 118 tratamiento-libro de ejercicios y 118 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.032","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/org/science/article/abs/pii/S0013007924000243","Reference_en":"Ma, Yue, Robert Fairlie, Prashant Loyalka, and Scott Rozelle. 2024. \"Isolating the 'Tech' from EdTech: Experimental Evidence on Computer-Assisted Learning in China.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 72 (4): 1923–62. https://doi.org/10.1086/726064.","Reference_es":"Ma, Yue, Robert Fairlie, Prashant Loyalka, and Scott Rozelle. 2024. \"Isolating the 'Tech' from EdTech: Experimental Evidence on Computer-Assisted Learning in China.\" Economic Development and Cultural Change 72 (4): 1923–62. https://doi.org/10.1086/726064.","Notes_en":"The experiment includes three treatment arms—supplemental CAL, supplemental pencil‑and‑paper workbook sessions, and a pure control group. The information reported here refers exclusively to the digital education intervention (Supplemental CAL Program).","Notes_es":"El experimento incluye tres brazos de tratamiento: CAL suplementario, sesiones suplementarias de cuadernillos en papel y lápiz, y un grupo de control puro. La información aquí reportada se refiere exclusivamente a la intervención de educación digital (Programa CAL Suplementario).","Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":83,"Study_ID":"ST-0039","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0039-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Kenya","Country_name_es":"Kenia","Country_code":"KE","Title_en":"A Cautionary Tale of Tutoring Hard-to-Reach Students in Kenya","Title_es":"A Cautionary Tale of Tutoring Hard-to-Reach Students in Kenya","Study_en":"Schueler and Rodriguez-Segura 2023","Study_es":"Schueler and Rodriguez-Segura 2023","Context_en":"Students in grades 3, 5, and 6 enrolled in low‑cost private Bridge Kenya schools across urban, peri‑urban, and rural areas .","Context_es":"Estudiantes de los grados 3, 5 y 6 matriculados en escuelas privadas Bridge Kenia de bajo costo en áreas urbanas, periurbanas y rurales.","Intervention_en":"Weekly 15‑minute teacher–student phone calls providing remote math mini‑tutoring during seven weeks of Covid‑19 school closures, supported by weekly SMS with practice problems and mobile quizzes.","Intervention_es":"Llamadas telefónicas semanales de 15 minutos entre profesor y alumno que brindan minitutoría remota de matemáticas durante siete semanas de cierre escolar por Covid-19, respaldadas por SMS semanales con problemas de práctica y cuestionarios móviles (Programa de Tutoría de Matemáticas por Teléfono).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student remote tutoring","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Tutoría remota para estudiantes","Year_intervention":2020,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"4504 students","Observations_es":"4504 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"105 schools (35 treatment-tutoring, 35 treatment-accountability and 35 control)","Randomization_es":"105 escuelas (35 en tratamiento‑tutoría, 35 en tratamiento‑rendición de cuentas y 35 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"-0.15","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"3.90 USD for the accountability intervention and 6.80 USD for tutoring, both per student","Cost_es":"3.90 USD para la intervención de rendición de cuentas y 6.80 USD para tutorías, ambas por estudiante","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2022.2131661","Reference_en":"Schueler, Beth E., and Daniel Rodriguez-Segura. 2023. \"A Cautionary Tale of Tutoring Hard-to-Reach Students in Kenya.\" Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 16 (3): 442–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2022.2131661.","Reference_es":"Schueler, Beth E., and Daniel Rodriguez-Segura. 2023. \"A Cautionary Tale of Tutoring Hard-to-Reach Students in Kenya.\" Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 16 (3): 442–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2022.2131661.","Notes_en":"The intervention includes two treatment arms—5‑minute accountability calls and 15‑minute phone‑based math tutoring. The information reported here focuses exclusively on the educational digital intervention (the tutoring treatment).","Notes_es":"La intervención incluye dos brazos de tratamiento: llamadas de rendición de cuentas de 5 minutos y tutoría de matemáticas por teléfono de 15 minutos. La información aquí presentada se centra exclusivamente en la intervención educativa digital (el tratamiento de tutoría).","Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":84,"Study_ID":"ST-0040","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0040-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Chile","Country_name_es":"Chile","Country_code":"CL","Title_en":"Reducing Parent-School Information Gaps and Improving Education Outcomes: Evidence from High-Frequency Text Messages","Title_es":"Reducing Parent-School Information Gaps and Improving Education Outcomes: Evidence from High-Frequency Text Messages","Study_en":"Berlinski 2021","Study_es":"Berlinski 2021","Context_en":"Students in the last five grades of primary school (grades 4-8) enrolled in low‑income public schools in two municipalities of Santiago.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de los últimos cinco grados de primaria (4 a 8) matriculados en escuelas públicas de bajos ingresos en dos municipios de Santiago.","Intervention_en":"Weekly SMS to parents on child's attendance, plus monthly SMS on classroom behavior and math grades, digitizing existing school records (Papás al Día Program).","Intervention_es":"Programa de mensajes de texto de alta frecuencia que envía a los padres actualizaciones semanales de asistencia e información mensual sobre el comportamiento en el aula y las calificaciones de matemáticas, entregada durante 18 meses para mejorar el flujo de información entre padres y escuela (Programa Papás al Día).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Parent SMS learning support","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Apoyo al aprendizaje mediante SMS para padres","Year_intervention":2014,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"2011 students","Observations_es":"2011 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"63 classrooms (75%‑treated classrooms and 25%‑treated classrooms; individual randomization within each classroom)","Randomization_es":"63 salones de clase (75%‑salones de clases de tratamiento y 25%‑salones de clase de tratamiento; con aleatorización individual dentro de cada salón de clase)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.083","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.1","Significance_es":"0.1","Cost_en":"1.18 - 2 USD per student per year","Cost_es":"1.18 - 2 USD por estudiante por año","Link":"https://publications.iadb.org/en/reducing-parent-school-information-gaps-and-improving-education-outcomes-evidence-high-frequency","Reference_en":"Berlinski, Samuel, Matías Busso, Taryn Dinkelman, and Claudia Martínez. 2021. \"Reducing Parent-School Information Gaps and Improving Education Outcomes: Evidence from High-Frequency Text Messages.\" IDB Working Paper. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/0003257.","Reference_es":"Berlinski, Samuel, Matías Busso, Taryn Dinkelman, and Claudia Martínez. 2021. \"Reducing Parent-School Information Gaps and Improving Education Outcomes: Evidence from High-Frequency Text Messages.\" IDB Working Paper. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.18235/0003257.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":85,"Study_ID":"ST-0041","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0041-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Ghana","Country_name_es":"Ghana","Country_code":"GH","Title_en":"Effectiveness of interactive satellite-transmitted instruction: Experimental evidence from Ghanaian primary schools","Title_es":"Effectiveness of interactive satellite-transmitted instruction: Experimental evidence from Ghanaian primary schools","Study_en":"Johnston and Ksoll 2022","Study_es":"Johnston and Ksoll 2022","Context_en":"Rural primary school students in grades 2-5 located in six remote, deprived districts of Ghana, prioritized based on marginalization criteria.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de primaria rural de los grados 2 a 5 ubicados en seis distritos remotos y desfavorecidos de Ghana, priorizados según criterios de marginación.","Intervention_en":"Live, interactive satellite‑transmitted math and English lessons broadcast daily from a central studio (MGCubed Satellite Instruction Program).","Intervention_es":"Clases interactivas de matemáticas e inglés transmitidas por satélite, emitidas diariamente desde un estudio central (Programa de Instrucción por Satélite MGCubed).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student broadcast instruction without direct teacher interaction","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Instrucción transmitida a estudiantes sin interacción directa con docentes","Year_intervention":2014,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3060 students","Observations_es":"3060 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"147 schools (70 treatment and 77 control)","Randomization_es":"147 escuelas (70 tratamiento y 77 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math score (EGMA)","Outcome_ind_es":"Puntuación en matemáticas (EGMA)","Effect":"0.21","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272775722000887","Reference_en":"Johnston, Jamie, and Christopher Ksoll. 2022. \"Effectiveness of Interactive Satellite-Transmitted Instruction: Experimental Evidence from Ghanaian Primary Schools.\" Economics of Education Review 91: 102315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102315.","Reference_es":"Johnston, Jamie, and Christopher Ksoll. 2022. \"Effectiveness of Interactive Satellite-Transmitted Instruction: Experimental Evidence from Ghanaian Primary Schools.\" Economics of Education Review 91: 102315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102315.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math (EGMA)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":86,"Study_ID":"ST-0041","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0041-002","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Ghana","Country_name_es":"Ghana","Country_code":"GH","Title_en":"Effectiveness of interactive satellite-transmitted instruction: Experimental evidence from Ghanaian primary schools","Title_es":"Effectiveness of interactive satellite-transmitted instruction: Experimental evidence from Ghanaian primary schools","Study_en":"Johnston and Ksoll 2022","Study_es":"Johnston and Ksoll 2022","Context_en":"Rural primary school students in grades 2-5 located in six remote, deprived districts of Ghana, prioritized based on marginalization criteria.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de primaria rural de los grados 2 a 5 ubicados en seis distritos remotos y desfavorecidos de Ghana, priorizados según criterios de marginación.","Intervention_en":"Live, interactive satellite‑transmitted math and English lessons broadcast daily from a central studio (MGCubed Satellite Instruction Program).","Intervention_es":"Clases interactivas de matemáticas e inglés transmitidas por satélite, emitidas diariamente desde un estudio central (Programa de Instrucción por Satélite MGCubed).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student broadcast instruction without direct teacher interaction","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Instrucción transmitida a estudiantes sin interacción directa con docentes","Year_intervention":2014,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3061 students","Observations_es":"3061 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"147 schools (70 treatment and 77 control)","Randomization_es":"147 escuelas (70 tratamiento y 77 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Reading score (EGRA)","Outcome_ind_es":"Puntuación de lectura (EGRA)","Effect":"-0.02","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272775722000887","Reference_en":"Johnston, Jamie, and Christopher Ksoll. 2022. \"Effectiveness of Interactive Satellite-Transmitted Instruction: Experimental Evidence from Ghanaian Primary Schools.\" Economics of Education Review 91: 102315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102315.","Reference_es":"Johnston, Jamie, and Christopher Ksoll. 2022. \"Effectiveness of Interactive Satellite-Transmitted Instruction: Experimental Evidence from Ghanaian Primary Schools.\" Economics of Education Review 91: 102315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102315.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Reading (EGRA)","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":87,"Study_ID":"ST-0042","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0042-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"China","Country_name_es":"China","Country_code":"CN","Title_en":"Peer effects in computer assisted learning: evidence from a randomized experiment","Title_es":"Peer effects in computer assisted learning: evidence from a randomized experiment","Study_en":"Fafchamps and Mo 2018","Study_es":"Fafchamps and Mo 2018","Context_en":"Primary school students in grades 3-6 in four nationally designated poor counties in Shaanxi Province.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de primaria de los grados 3 a 6 en cuatro condados designados a nivel nacional como pobres en la provincia de Shaanxi.","Intervention_en":"Remedial computer‑assisted learning (CAL) program providing two weekly 40‑minute math sessions using animated instructional videos and interactive exercises aligned with the national curriculum.","Intervention_es":"Programa de aprendizaje asistido por computadora (CAL) correctivo que ofrece dos sesiones semanales de matemáticas de 40 minutos utilizando videos instructivos animados y ejercicios interactivos alineados con el currículo nacional.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student self-paced computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora a ritmo propio del estudiante","Year_intervention":2011,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"7536 students","Observations_es":"7536 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"72 schools (36 treatment and 36 control)","Randomization_es":"72 escuelas (36 tratamiento y 36 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.17","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.1","Significance_es":"0.1","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-017-9538-z","Reference_en":"Fafchamps, Marcel, and Di Mo. 2018. \"Peer Effects in Computer Assisted Learning: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment.\" Experimental Economics 21 (2): 355–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-017-9538-z.","Reference_es":"Fafchamps, Marcel, and Di Mo. 2018. \"Peer Effects in Computer Assisted Learning: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment.\" Experimental Economics 21 (2): 355–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-017-9538-z.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":88,"Study_ID":"ST-0043","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0043-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"China","Country_name_es":"China","Country_code":"CN","Title_en":"More is not always better: evidence from a randomised experiment of computer-assisted learning in rural minority schools in Qinghai","Title_es":"More is not always better: evidence from a randomised experiment of computer-assisted learning in rural minority schools in Qinghai","Study_en":"Lai et al. 2016","Study_es":"Lai et al. 2016","Context_en":"Third-grade students in rural minority elementary schools in Qinghai Province located in nationally and provincially designated poverty counties and serving predominantly ethnic minority children.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de tercer grado en escuelas primarias rurales para minorías en la provincia de Qinghai, ubicadas en condados designados a nivel nacional y provincial como pobres y que atienden predominantemente a niños de minorías étnicas.","Intervention_en":"Mandarin CAL remedial tutoring: two weekly sessions (Phase I), then four weekly Mandarin-and-math sessions (Phase II), via animated instructional videos and game-based exercises tied to the curriculum","Intervention_es":"Programa de tutoría correctiva de aprendizaje asistido por computadora (CAL) que ofrece dos sesiones semanales de mandarín (Fase I) y cuatro sesiones semanales de mandarín y matemáticas (Fase II), impartidas a través de videos instructivos animados y ejercicios basados en juegos alineados con el currículo nacional.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student self-paced computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora a ritmo propio del estudiante","Year_intervention":2011,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3164 students","Observations_es":"3164 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"57 schools (26 treatment and 31 control)","Randomization_es":"57 escuelas (26 tratamiento y 31 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.15","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.05","Significance_es":"0.05","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19439342.2016.1220412","Reference_en":"Lai, Fang, Linxiu Zhang, Yu Bai, et al. 2016. \"More Is Not Always Better: Evidence from a Randomised Experiment of Computer-Assisted Learning in Rural Minority Schools in Qinghai.\" Journal of Development Effectiveness 8 (4): 449–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2016.1220412.","Reference_es":"Lai, Fang, Linxiu Zhang, Yu Bai, et al. 2016. \"More Is Not Always Better: Evidence from a Randomised Experiment of Computer-Assisted Learning in Rural Minority Schools in Qinghai.\" Journal of Development Effectiveness 8 (4): 449–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2016.1220412.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":89,"Study_ID":"ST-0044","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0044-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Chile","Country_name_es":"Chile","Country_code":"CL","Title_en":"Integrating learning platforms within regular school time: experimental evidence from Chilean primary schools","Title_es":"Integrating learning platforms within regular school time: experimental evidence from Chilean primary schools","Study_en":"Araya et al. 2025","Study_es":"Araya et al. 2025","Context_en":"Fourth‑grade students in low‑income public primary schools in Santiago","Context_es":"Estudiantes de cuarto grado en escuelas primarias públicas de bajos ingresos en Santiago.","Intervention_en":"Math learning platform (ConectaIdeas) used in two weekly 90-minute school-lab sessions, run by an external coordinator with the classroom teacher, replacing one math class and adding one session","Intervention_es":"Plataforma de aprendizaje de matemáticas integrada en el horario escolar regular a través de dos sesiones semanales de 90 minutos en el laboratorio de computadoras, impartidas por un coordinador externo en colaboración con el maestro de aula, reemplazando una clase de matemáticas y agregando una sesión adicional de matemáticas.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Teacher-led computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora guiado por docentes","Year_intervention":2017,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1089 students","Observations_es":"1089 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"24 schools, 48 sections (24 treatment and 24 control)","Randomization_es":"24 escuelas, 48 secciones de clase (24 tratamiento y 24 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.27","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272775725000275","Reference_en":"Araya, Roberto, Elena Arias Ortiz, Nicolas Bottan, and Julian Cristia. 2025. \"Integrating Learning Platforms within Regular School Time: Experimental Evidence from Chilean Primary Schools.\" Economics of Education Review 106: 102647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2025.102647.","Reference_es":"Araya, Roberto, Elena Arias Ortiz, Nicolas Bottan, and Julian Cristia. 2025. \"Integrating Learning Platforms within Regular School Time: Experimental Evidence from Chilean Primary Schools.\" Economics of Education Review 106: 102647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2025.102647.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":90,"Study_ID":"ST-0045","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0045-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"El Salvador","Country_name_es":"El Salvador","Country_code":"SV","Title_en":"The Relative Effectiveness of Teachers and Learning Software: Evidence from a Field Experiment in El Salvador","Title_es":"The Relative Effectiveness of Teachers and Learning Software: Evidence from a Field Experiment in El Salvador","Study_en":"Büchel et al. 2022 (a)","Study_es":"Büchel et al. 2022","Context_en":"Students in grades 3-6 from rural public primary schools in Morazán a low‑income region with high poverty and low math proficiency.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de tercer a sexto grado de escuelas primarias públicas rurales en Morazán, una región de bajos ingresos con alta pobreza y bajo dominio de las matemáticas.","Intervention_en":"Two weekly 90-min CAL math lessons via Khan Academy (KA Lite), one student per laptop, monitored only by a non-teacher supervisor providing technical support, no content instruction","Intervention_es":"Dos clases semanales de matemáticas de 90 minutos asistidas por computadora utilizando Khan Academy (KA Lite), donde cada estudiante trabajaba individualmente en una computadora portátil. Las sesiones fueron supervisadas por un supervisor que no era profesor y que solo proporcionó apoyo técnico, sin instrucción de contenido.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student self-paced computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora a ritmo propio del estudiante","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3197 students","Observations_es":"3197 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"198 classes (158 randomized into 3 treatments + in‑school control; 40 pure‑control classes)","Randomization_es":"198 clases (158 aleatorizadas en tres tratamientos más un control dentro de la escuela; 40 clases en control puro)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.214","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/717727","Reference_en":"Büchel, Konstantin, Martina Jakob, Christoph Kühnhanss, Daniel Steffen, and Aymo Brunetti. 2022. \"The Relative Effectiveness of Teachers and Learning Software: Evidence from a Field Experiment in El Salvador.\" Journal of Labor Economics 40 (3): 737–77. https://doi.org/10.1086/717727.","Reference_es":"Büchel, Konstantin, Martina Jakob, Christoph Kühnhanss, Daniel Steffen, and Aymo Brunetti. 2022. \"The Relative Effectiveness of Teachers and Learning Software: Evidence from a Field Experiment in El Salvador.\" Journal of Labor Economics 40 (3): 737–77. https://doi.org/10.1086/717727.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":91,"Study_ID":"ST-0046","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0046-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"El Salvador","Country_name_es":"El Salvador","Country_code":"SV","Title_en":"The Relative Effectiveness of Teachers and Learning Software: Evidence from a Field Experiment in El Salvador","Title_es":"The Relative Effectiveness of Teachers and Learning Software: Evidence from a Field Experiment in El Salvador","Study_en":"Büchel et al. 2022 (b)","Study_es":"Büchel et al. 2022","Context_en":"Students in grades 3-6 from rural public primary schools in Morazán a low‑income region with high poverty and low math proficiency.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de tercer a sexto grado de escuelas primarias públicas rurales en Morazán, una región de bajos ingresos con alta pobreza y bajo dominio de las matemáticas.","Intervention_en":"Two weekly 90-min CAL math lessons via Khan Academy (KA Lite), one student per laptop, instructed by a certified math teacher giving pedagogical support and individualized learning plans","Intervention_es":"Dos lecciones semanales de matemáticas asistidas por computadora de 90 minutos cada una, utilizando Khan Academy (KA Lite), impartidas por un profesor de matemáticas certificado que proporcionó apoyo pedagógico, supervisó el progreso y guio a los estudiantes a través de planes de aprendizaje individualizados.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Teacher-led computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora guiado por docentes","Year_intervention":2018,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"3197 students","Observations_es":"3197 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"198 classes (158 randomized into 3 treatments + in‑school control; 40 pure‑control classes)","Randomization_es":"198 clases (158 aleatorizadas en tres tratamientos más un control dentro de la escuela; 40 clases en control puro)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.238","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/717727","Reference_en":"Büchel, Konstantin, Martina Jakob, Christoph Kühnhanss, Daniel Steffen, and Aymo Brunetti. 2022. \"The Relative Effectiveness of Teachers and Learning Software: Evidence from a Field Experiment in El Salvador.\" Journal of Labor Economics 40 (3): 737–77. https://doi.org/10.1086/717727.","Reference_es":"Büchel, Konstantin, Martina Jakob, Christoph Kühnhanss, Daniel Steffen, and Aymo Brunetti. 2022. \"The Relative Effectiveness of Teachers and Learning Software: Evidence from a Field Experiment in El Salvador.\" Journal of Labor Economics 40 (3): 737–77. https://doi.org/10.1086/717727.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":92,"Study_ID":"ST-0047","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0047-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Adapting for scale: Experimental Evidence on Technology-aided Instruction in India","Title_es":"Adapting for scale: Experimental Evidence on Technology-aided Instruction in India","Study_en":"Muralidharan and Singh 2025","Study_es":"Muralidharan and Singh 2025","Context_en":"Grades 1-8 students in 80 public Adarsh schools across four Rajasthan districts, typical government schools with infrastructure for Mindspark labs, serving rural and urban low-income communities","Context_es":"Estudiantes de los grados 1 a 8 matriculados en 80 escuelas públicas Adarsh de cuatro distritos de Rajasthan (Churu, Jhunjhunun, Udaipur y Dungarpur), que representan escuelas gubernamentales típicas con infraestructura suficiente para albergar laboratorios Mindspark y que atienden a comunidades de bajos ingresos tanto rurales como urbanas.","Intervention_en":"Mindspark adaptive learning: computer-based instruction replacing 25-50% of weekly math class, supervised by the teacher plus a locally hired lab-in-charge for hardware and logistics","Intervention_es":"Programa de aprendizaje adaptativo personalizado en la escuela (Mindspark), que integra instrucción individualizada basada en computadora en el horario escolar regular reemplazando el 25–50% de las clases semanales de matemáticas, supervisado por el maestro de aula y apoyado por un encargado de laboratorio contratado localmente responsable del hardware y la logística.","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Teacher-led computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora guiado por docentes","Year_intervention":2017,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"7994 students","Observations_es":"7994 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"80 schools (40 treatment and 40 control)","Randomization_es":"80 escuelas (40 tratamiento y 40 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.15","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"750,000 USD over three years","Cost_es":"750,000 USD durante tres años","Link":"https://www.nber.org/papers/w34205","Reference_en":"Muralidharan, Karthik, and Abhijeet Singh. 2025. \"Adapting for Scale: Experimental Evidence on Technology-Aided Instruction in India.\" Working Paper No. 34205. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w34205.","Reference_es":"Muralidharan, Karthik, and Abhijeet Singh. 2025. \"Adapting for Scale: Experimental Evidence on Technology-Aided Instruction in India.\" Working Paper No. 34205. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w34205.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":93,"Study_ID":"ST-0048","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0048-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Kenya","Country_name_es":"Kenia","Country_code":"KE","Title_en":"Improving Literacy Instruction in Kenya Through Teacher Professional Development and Text Messages Support: A Cluster Randomized Trial","Title_es":"Improving Literacy Instruction in Kenya Through Teacher Professional Development and Text Messages Support: A Cluster Randomized Trial","Study_en":"Jukes et al. 2017","Study_es":"Jukes et al. 2017","Context_en":"First-grade students enrolled in rural government primary schools in Kwale and Msambweni districts on the Kenyan coast.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de primer grado matriculados en escuelas primarias públicas rurales en los distritos de Kwale y Msambweni en la costa de Kenia.","Intervention_en":"HALI Literacy program: teacher training workshops, semi-scripted lesson plans, plus weekly text-message pedagogical support and airtime incentives to reinforce literacy teaching practices","Intervention_es":"Un programa de desarrollo profesional docente basado en la escuela que integra planes de lecciones de alfabetización semi-guionizados, talleres de capacitación en servicio y un sistema de apoyo digital basado en teléfonos móviles que envía mensajes de texto pedagógicos semanales e incentivos de tiempo de aire para reforzar las prácticas de instrucción (Intervención de Alfabetización HALI).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Teacher digital training","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Capacitación digital para docentes","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"2209 students","Observations_es":"2209 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"101 schools (51 treatment and 50 control)","Randomization_es":"101 escuelas (51 tratamiento y 50 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Reading scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Puntuaciones de lectura","Effect":"0.15","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.1","Significance_es":"0.1","Cost_en":"8.57 USD per student and 531 USD per teacher","Cost_es":"8.57 USD por estudiante y 531 USD por maestro","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2016.1221487","Reference_en":"Jukes, Matthew C. H., Elizabeth L. Turner, Margaret M. Dubeck, et al. 2017. \"Improving Literacy Instruction in Kenya Through Teacher Professional Development and Text Messages Support: A Cluster Randomized Trial.\" Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 10 (3): 449–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2016.1221487.","Reference_es":"Jukes, Matthew C. H., Elizabeth L. Turner, Margaret M. Dubeck, et al. 2017. \"Improving Literacy Instruction in Kenya Through Teacher Professional Development and Text Messages Support: A Cluster Randomized Trial.\" Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 10 (3): 449–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2016.1221487.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Reading scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":94,"Study_ID":"ST-0048","Instance_ID":"IN-002","Record_ID":"ST-0048-002","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Kenya","Country_name_es":"Kenia","Country_code":"KE","Title_en":"Improving Literacy Instruction in Kenya Through Teacher Professional Development and Text Messages Support: A Cluster Randomized Trial","Title_es":"Improving Literacy Instruction in Kenya Through Teacher Professional Development and Text Messages Support: A Cluster Randomized Trial","Study_en":"Jukes et al. 2017","Study_es":"Jukes et al. 2017","Context_en":"First-grade students enrolled in rural government primary schools in Kwale and Msambweni districts on the Kenyan coast.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de primer grado matriculados en escuelas primarias públicas rurales en los distritos de Kwale y Msambweni en la costa de Kenia.","Intervention_en":"HALI Literacy program: teacher training workshops, semi-scripted lesson plans, plus weekly text-message pedagogical support and airtime incentives to reinforce literacy teaching practices","Intervention_es":"Un programa de desarrollo profesional docente basado en la escuela que integra planes de lecciones de alfabetización semi-guionizados, talleres de capacitación en servicio y un sistema de apoyo digital basado en teléfonos móviles que envía mensajes de texto pedagógicos semanales e incentivos de tiempo de aire para reforzar las prácticas de instrucción (Intervención de Alfabetización HALI).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Teacher digital training","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Capacitación digital para docentes","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"2209 students","Observations_es":"2209 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"101 schools (51 treatment and 50 control)","Randomization_es":"101 escuelas (51 tratamiento y 50 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.07","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.1","Significance_es":"0.1","Cost_en":"8.57 USD per student and 531 USD per teacher","Cost_es":"8.57 USD por estudiante y 531 USD por maestro","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2016.1221487","Reference_en":"Jukes, Matthew C. H., Elizabeth L. Turner, Margaret M. Dubeck, et al. 2017. \"Improving Literacy Instruction in Kenya Through Teacher Professional Development and Text Messages Support: A Cluster Randomized Trial.\" Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 10 (3): 449–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2016.1221487.","Reference_es":"Jukes, Matthew C. H., Elizabeth L. Turner, Margaret M. Dubeck, et al. 2017. \"Improving Literacy Instruction in Kenya Through Teacher Professional Development and Text Messages Support: A Cluster Randomized Trial.\" Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 10 (3): 449–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2016.1221487.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":95,"Study_ID":"ST-0048","Instance_ID":"IN-003","Record_ID":"ST-0048-003","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Kenya","Country_name_es":"Kenia","Country_code":"KE","Title_en":"Improving Literacy Instruction in Kenya Through Teacher Professional Development and Text Messages Support: A Cluster Randomized Trial","Title_es":"Improving Literacy Instruction in Kenya Through Teacher Professional Development and Text Messages Support: A Cluster Randomized Trial","Study_en":"Jukes et al. 2017","Study_es":"Jukes et al. 2017","Context_en":"First-grade students enrolled in rural government primary schools in Kwale and Msambweni districts on the Kenyan coast.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de primer grado matriculados en escuelas primarias públicas rurales en los distritos de Kwale y Msambweni en la costa de Kenia.","Intervention_en":"HALI Literacy program: teacher training workshops, semi-scripted lesson plans, plus weekly text-message pedagogical support and airtime incentives to reinforce literacy teaching practices","Intervention_es":"Un programa de desarrollo profesional docente basado en la escuela que integra planes de lecciones de alfabetización semi-guionizados, talleres de capacitación en servicio y un sistema de apoyo digital basado en teléfonos móviles que envía mensajes de texto pedagógicos semanales e incentivos de tiempo de aire para reforzar las prácticas de instrucción (Intervención de Alfabetización HALI).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Teacher digital training","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Capacitación digital para docentes","Year_intervention":2010,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"2209 students","Observations_es":"2209 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"101 schools (51 treatment and 50 control)","Randomization_es":"101 escuelas (51 tratamiento y 50 control)","Outcome_en":"Dropout","Outcome_es":"Deserción escolar","Outcome_ind_en":"Dropout","Outcome_ind_es":"Deserción escolar","Effect":"-3.2","Unit_measurement_en":"Percentage points","Unit_measurement_es":"Puntos porcentuales","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"8.57 USD per student and 531 USD per teacher","Cost_es":"8.57 USD por estudiante y 531 USD por maestro","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2016.1221487","Reference_en":"Jukes, Matthew C. H., Elizabeth L. Turner, Margaret M. Dubeck, et al. 2017. \"Improving Literacy Instruction in Kenya Through Teacher Professional Development and Text Messages Support: A Cluster Randomized Trial.\" Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 10 (3): 449–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2016.1221487.","Reference_es":"Jukes, Matthew C. H., Elizabeth L. Turner, Margaret M. Dubeck, et al. 2017. \"Improving Literacy Instruction in Kenya Through Teacher Professional Development and Text Messages Support: A Cluster Randomized Trial.\" Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 10 (3): 449–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2016.1221487.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Dropout","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"pp","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":3},{"_id":96,"Study_ID":"ST-0049","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0049-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Chile","Country_name_es":"Chile","Country_code":"CL","Title_en":"Implementing Government Elementary Math Exercises Online: Positive Effects Found in RCT under Social Turmoil in Chile","Title_es":"Implementing Government Elementary Math Exercises Online: Positive Effects Found in RCT under Social Turmoil in Chile","Study_en":"Araya and Diaz 2020","Study_es":"Araya and Diaz 2020","Context_en":"Fourth‑grade students in underserved public and voucher schools in Santiago districts with available ICT infrastructure.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de cuarto grado en escuelas públicas y subvencionadas desatendidas en distritos de Santiago con infraestructura TIC disponible.","Intervention_en":"ConectaIdeas platform adapted to deliver only official PAC government math exercises in a weekly 90-minute classroom session, with real-time feedback tools and automated alerts to guide instruction","Intervention_es":"Un programa semanal de matemáticas digitales en el aula de 90 minutos en el que los profesores utilizan la plataforma en línea ConectaIdeas para impartir ejercicios de matemáticas PAC diseñados por el gobierno, apoyados por formación inicial del profesorado, herramientas de retroalimentación en tiempo real, tareas de escritura con revisión por pares y alertas automatizadas para guiar la instrucción (Programa en línea ConectaIdeas–PAC).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Teacher-led computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora guiado por docentes","Year_intervention":2019,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1197 students","Observations_es":"1197 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"50 classrooms (25 treatment and 25 control)","Randomization_es":"50 salones de clase (25 tratamiento y 25 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.13","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/10/9/244","Reference_en":"Araya, Roberto, and Karina Diaz. 2020. \"Implementing Government Elementary Math Exercises Online: Positive Effects Found in RCT under Social Turmoil in Chile.\" Education Sciences 10 (9). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10090244.","Reference_es":"Araya, Roberto, and Karina Diaz. 2020. \"Implementing Government Elementary Math Exercises Online: Positive Effects Found in RCT under Social Turmoil in Chile.\" Education Sciences 10 (9). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10090244.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":97,"Study_ID":"ST-0050","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0050-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"China","Country_name_es":"China","Country_code":"CN","Title_en":"Persistence of learning gains from computer assisted learning: Experimental evidence from China","Title_es":"Persistence of learning gains from computer assisted learning: Experimental evidence from China","Study_en":"Mo et al. 2015 (a)","Study_es":"Mo et al. 2015","Context_en":"Third‑grade boarding students enrolled in public elementary schools in poor counties of Shaanxi Province.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de tercer grado residentes en internados de escuelas primarias públicas en condados pobres de la provincia de Shaanxi.","Intervention_en":"Game-based CAL math: two weekly 40-min sessions outside class hours over 1.5 years (Phases I-II), standardized videos/games on curriculum, in computer labs with technical-only supervisors","Intervention_es":"Un programa de matemáticas correctivas, basado en juegos y asistido por computadora, impartido en dos sesiones semanales de 40 minutos fuera del horario de clase regular, utilizando videos instructivos estandarizados y juegos de práctica animados alineados con el currículo nacional, implementado en laboratorios de computación escolares bajo la supervisión de maestros capacitados que solo proporcionaron apoyo técnico (Programa de Aprendizaje Asistido por Computadora).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student self-paced computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora a ritmo propio del estudiante","Year_intervention":2011,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1038 students","Observations_es":"1038 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"72 schools (36 treatment and 36 control)","Randomization_es":"72 escuelas (36 tratamiento y 36 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.25","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jcal.12106","Reference_en":"Mo, Di, Linxiu Zhang, Jing Wang, et al. 2015. \"Persistence of Learning Gains from Computer Assisted Learning: Experimental Evidence from China.\" Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 31 (6): 562–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12106.","Reference_es":"Mo, Di, Linxiu Zhang, Jing Wang, et al. 2015. \"Persistence of Learning Gains from Computer Assisted Learning: Experimental Evidence from China.\" Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 31 (6): 562–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12106.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":98,"Study_ID":"ST-0051","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0051-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"China","Country_name_es":"China","Country_code":"CN","Title_en":"Persistence of learning gains from computer assisted learning: Experimental evidence from China","Title_es":"Persistence of learning gains from computer assisted learning: Experimental evidence from China","Study_en":"Mo et al. 2015 (b)","Study_es":"Mo et al. 2015","Context_en":"Fifth‑grade boarding students enrolled in public elementary schools in poor counties of Shaanxi Province.","Context_es":"Estudiantes de quinto grado residentes en internados de escuelas primarias públicas en condados pobres de la provincia de Shaanxi.","Intervention_en":"Game-based CAL math: two weekly 40-min sessions outside class hours over 1.5 years (Phases I-II), standardized videos/games on curriculum, in computer labs with technical-only supervisors","Intervention_es":"Un programa de matemáticas correctivas, basado en juegos y asistido por computadora, impartido en dos sesiones semanales de 40 minutos fuera del horario de clase regular, utilizando videos instructivos estandarizados y juegos de práctica animados alineados con el currículo nacional, implementado en laboratorios de computación escolares bajo la supervisión de maestros capacitados que solo proporcionaron apoyo técnico (Programa de Aprendizaje Asistido por Computadora).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student self-paced computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora a ritmo propio del estudiante","Year_intervention":2011,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1388 students","Observations_es":"1388 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"72 schools (36 treatment and 36 control)","Randomization_es":"72 escuelas (36 tratamiento y 36 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.26","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"0.01","Significance_es":"0.01","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jcal.12106","Reference_en":"Mo, Di, Linxiu Zhang, Jing Wang, et al. 2015. \"Persistence of Learning Gains from Computer Assisted Learning: Experimental Evidence from China.\" Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 31 (6): 562–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12106.","Reference_es":"Mo, Di, Linxiu Zhang, Jing Wang, et al. 2015. \"Persistence of Learning Gains from Computer Assisted Learning: Experimental Evidence from China.\" Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 31 (6): 562–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12106.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":2},{"_id":99,"Study_ID":"ST-0052","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0052-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"India","Country_name_es":"India","Country_code":"IN","Title_en":"Which Students Benefit from Computer-Based Individualized Instruction? Experimental Evidence from Public Schools in India","Title_es":"Which Students Benefit from Computer-Based Individualized Instruction? Experimental Evidence from Public Schools in India","Study_en":"de Barros and Ganimian 2024","Study_es":"de Barros and Ganimian 2024","Context_en":"Sixth-to-eighth grade students in government 'model' public schools in rural Rajasthan with access to school computer labs, already using the Mindspark platform for math practice","Context_es":"Estudiantes de sexto a octavo grado matriculados en escuelas públicas \"modelo\" del gobierno en el Rajastán rural que tenían acceso a laboratorios de computación escolares y ya usaban la plataforma Mindspark para practicar matemáticas (Instrucción Individualizada Mindspark).","Intervention_en":"Computer-based individualized instruction","Intervention_es":"Instrucción individualizada basada en computadora","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Student self-paced computer-assisted learning","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Aprendizaje asistido por computadora a ritmo propio del estudiante","Year_intervention":2017,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"1068 students","Observations_es":"1068 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"1528 students (766 treatment and 762 control)","Randomization_es":"1528 estudiantes (766 tratamiento y 762 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"0.056","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2023.2191604","Reference_en":"de Barros, Andreas, and Alejandro J. Ganimian. 2024. \"Which Students Benefit from Computer-Based Individualized Instruction? Experimental Evidence from Public Schools in India.\" Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 17 (2): 318–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2023.2191604.","Reference_es":"de Barros, Andreas, and Alejandro J. Ganimian. 2024. \"Which Students Benefit from Computer-Based Individualized Instruction? Experimental Evidence from Public Schools in India.\" Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 17 (2): 318–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2023.2191604.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1},{"_id":100,"Study_ID":"ST-0053","Instance_ID":"IN-001","Record_ID":"ST-0053-001","Sector_en":"Education","Sector_es":"Educación","Country_name_en":"Pakistan","Country_name_es":"Pakistán","Country_code":"PK","Title_en":"Investigating the impact on learning outcomes through the use of EdTech during COVID-19: Evidence from an RCT in the Punjab province of Pakistan","Title_es":"Investigating the impact on learning outcomes through the use of EdTech during COVID-19: Evidence from an RCT in the Punjab province of Pakistan","Study_en":"Adil et al. 2022 (a)","Study_es":"Adil et al. 2022","Context_en":"Eighth-grade students from economically disadvantaged households attending private schools in the underdeveloped district of Bahawalnagar, with limited access to digital devices and internet","Context_es":"Estudiantes de octavo grado de hogares económicamente desfavorecidos que asisten a escuelas privadas en el distrito de Bahawalnagar con acceso limitado a dispositivos digitales y conectividad a internet.","Intervention_en":"A low‑tech personalized learning program delivered through WhatsApp videos, level‑appropriate practice tasks, and quizzes (Teaching at the Right Level – TaRL).","Intervention_es":"Un programa de aprendizaje personalizado de baja tecnología impartido a través de videos de WhatsApp, tareas de práctica y cuestionarios apropiados para cada nivel (Enseñanza en el Nivel Correcto – TaRL).","Intervention_cat":null,"Intervention_cat_desc_en":"Other","Intervention_cat_desc_es":"Otros","Year_intervention":2020,"Methodology_en":"Experimental Evaluation","Methodology_es":"Experimento aleatorio controlado","Observations_en":"208 students","Observations_es":"208 estudiantes","Randomization_en":"12 schools (8 treatments and 4 control)","Randomization_es":"12 escuelas (8 tratamiento y 4 control)","Outcome_en":"Learning","Outcome_es":"Aprendizaje","Outcome_ind_en":"Math scores","Outcome_ind_es":"Calificaciones de matemáticas","Effect":"-0.039","Unit_measurement_en":"SD","Unit_measurement_es":"Desviaciones estándar","Significance_en":"Not significant","Significance_es":"No significativo","Cost_en":"Not reported","Cost_es":"No reportado","Link":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2022.993265/full","Reference_en":"Adil, Fareeha, Rabia Nazir, and Misbah Akhtar. 2022. \"Investigating the Impact on Learning Outcomes through the Use of EdTech during COVID-19: Evidence from an RCT in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.\" Frontiers in Education 7: 993265. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.993265.","Reference_es":"Adil, Fareeha, Rabia Nazir, and Misbah Akhtar. 2022. \"Investigating the Impact on Learning Outcomes through the Use of EdTech during COVID-19: Evidence from an RCT in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.\" Frontiers in Education 7: 993265. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.993265.","Notes_en":null,"Notes_es":null,"Outcome_abbr_en":"Math scores","Outcome_abbr_es":null,"Unit_abbr_en":"SD","Unit_abbr_es":null,"Extra_cat1_en":0,"Extra_cat1_es":0,"Extra_cat2_en":null,"Extra_cat2_es":null,"Extra_cat3_en":null,"Extra_cat3_es":null,"Extra_cat4_en":null,"Extra_cat4_es":null,"Display_order":1}], "fields": [{"id": "_id", "type": "int"}, {"id": "Study_ID", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Study ID", "notes": "Identifier of the study within its sector. A study indexed under more than one sector carries a separate identifier in each."}}, {"id": "Instance_ID", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Instance ID", "notes": "Sequence number of the measured outcome within the study, as IN-001, IN-002 and so on."}}, {"id": "Record_ID", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Record ID", "notes": "Identifier of the row: the study identifier followed by the instance number, as ST-0001-002."}}, {"id": "Sector_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Sector (English)", "notes": "Policy sector the study is indexed under: Government Transactions, Health, Education, Citizen Security, Social Protection, Trade and Investment, Taxes, Basic Infrastructure."}}, {"id": "Sector_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Sector (Spanish)", "notes": "The sector in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Country_name_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Country (English)", "notes": "Country the study was carried out in. Where a study covers several countries the value names the group, such as African developing countries."}}, {"id": "Country_name_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Country (Spanish)", "notes": "The country or country group in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Country_code", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Country code", "notes": "ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of the country studied, where one is recorded. Blank on the remaining rows, which include those covering a country group."}}, {"id": "Title_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Title (English)", "notes": "Title of the study, as published."}}, {"id": "Title_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Title (Spanish)", "notes": "Title of the study, as published. Titles are not translated."}}, {"id": "Study_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Short citation (English)", "notes": "Short citation of the study: the first author, et al. where there are several, and the publication year."}}, {"id": "Study_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Short citation (Spanish)", "notes": "Short citation of the study. Citations are not translated."}}, {"id": "Context_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Context (English)", "notes": "Population and setting the study was carried out in."}}, {"id": "Context_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Context (Spanish)", "notes": "The context in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Intervention_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Intervention (English)", "notes": "The intervention that was evaluated."}}, {"id": "Intervention_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Intervention (Spanish)", "notes": "The intervention in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Intervention_cat", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Intervention category code", "notes": "Code of the intervention category."}}, {"id": "Intervention_cat_desc_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Intervention category (English)", "notes": "Category the intervention is grouped under, such as Student Device Distribution or Citizen Reminder & Persuasion Messages."}}, {"id": "Intervention_cat_desc_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Intervention category (Spanish)", "notes": "The intervention category in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Year_intervention", "type": "int8", "info": {"label": "Year of intervention", "notes": "Year the intervention took place. Blank where the study reports none."}}, {"id": "Methodology_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Methodology (English)", "notes": "Evaluation design and estimation method, such as Experimental Evaluation (a randomized controlled trial), Difference-in-Differences or Instrumental Variables."}}, {"id": "Methodology_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Methodology (Spanish)", "notes": "The methodology in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Observations_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Observations (English)", "notes": "Size of the sample analysed, given as a count followed by the unit of observation, as 3156 citizens."}}, {"id": "Observations_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Observations (Spanish)", "notes": "The sample in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Randomization_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Randomization (English)", "notes": "How the sample was split between treatment and control arms, with the size of each. Blank where the design allocates no arms."}}, {"id": "Randomization_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Randomization (Spanish)", "notes": "The allocation in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Outcome_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Outcome (English)", "notes": "Outcome area the result belongs to, such as Learning, Tax compliance or Crime incidence."}}, {"id": "Outcome_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Outcome (Spanish)", "notes": "The outcome area in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Outcome_ind_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Outcome indicator (English)", "notes": "The indicator the effect was measured on, such as Math scores or PHQ-9 score."}}, {"id": "Outcome_ind_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Outcome indicator (Spanish)", "notes": "The outcome indicator in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Effect", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Effect", "notes": "Size of the estimated effect, in the unit given by Unit_measurement_en. The values + and - stand for a direction reported without a magnitude."}}, {"id": "Unit_measurement_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Unit of measurement (English)", "notes": "Unit the effect is expressed in, such as Percentage points, SD, Log points or Cohen's d."}}, {"id": "Unit_measurement_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Unit of measurement (Spanish)", "notes": "The unit in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Significance_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Significance (English)", "notes": "Level at which the effect is significant, as 0.01, 0.05 or 0.1, or Not significant, or Not reported."}}, {"id": "Significance_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Significance (Spanish)", "notes": "The significance in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Cost_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Cost (English)", "notes": "Cost of the intervention as the study reports it, with the basis it is expressed on. Blank where the study reports no cost."}}, {"id": "Cost_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Cost (Spanish)", "notes": "The cost in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Link", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Link", "notes": "Web address of the study. A few values are given without the https:// prefix."}}, {"id": "Reference_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Reference (English)", "notes": "Full bibliographic reference of the study."}}, {"id": "Reference_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Reference (Spanish)", "notes": "Full bibliographic reference of the study. References are not translated."}}, {"id": "Notes_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Notes (English)", "notes": "Remarks on how the result should be read: which follow-up is reported, what drives the effect, how the outcome is measured. Blank where none is recorded."}}, {"id": "Notes_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Notes (Spanish)", "notes": "The notes in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Outcome_abbr_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Outcome indicator, abbreviated (English)", "notes": "Short form of Outcome_ind_en for display where the full indicator name is too long, such as Math scores or PHQ-9 score. Carries the same meaning as the full indicator."}}, {"id": "Outcome_abbr_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Outcome indicator, abbreviated (Spanish)", "notes": "The abbreviated outcome indicator in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Unit_abbr_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Unit of measurement, abbreviated (English)", "notes": "Short form of Unit_measurement_en for display, such as pp, %, SD or USD."}}, {"id": "Unit_abbr_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Unit of measurement, abbreviated (Spanish)", "notes": "The abbreviated unit in Spanish."}}, {"id": "Extra_cat1_en", "type": "int8", "info": {"label": "Includes artificial intelligence (English)", "notes": "Whether the intervention includes artificial intelligence (AI): 1 = Yes, 0 = No."}}, {"id": "Extra_cat1_es", "type": "int8", "info": {"label": "Includes artificial intelligence (Spanish)", "notes": "Spanish counterpart of Extra_cat1_en: 1 = Yes, 0 = No."}}, {"id": "Extra_cat2_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Additional category 2 (English)", "notes": "Reserved for an additional classification of the study. Blank where no classification is assigned."}}, {"id": "Extra_cat2_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Additional category 2 (Spanish)", "notes": "Spanish counterpart of Extra_cat2_en."}}, {"id": "Extra_cat3_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Additional category 3 (English)", "notes": "Reserved for an additional classification of the study. Blank where no classification is assigned."}}, {"id": "Extra_cat3_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Additional category 3 (Spanish)", "notes": "Spanish counterpart of Extra_cat3_en."}}, {"id": "Extra_cat4_en", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Additional category 4 (English)", "notes": "Reserved for an additional classification of the study. Blank where no classification is assigned."}}, {"id": "Extra_cat4_es", "type": "text", "info": {"label": "Additional category 4 (Spanish)", "notes": "Spanish counterpart of Extra_cat4_en."}}, {"id": "Display_order", "type": "int8", "info": {"label": "Display order", "notes": "Position of the row in the study's outcome list on the dashboard."}}], "_links": {"start": "/api/action/datastore_search?resource_id=46b30f9b-71ca-43e1-8361-43e32c79a5d2", "next": "/api/action/datastore_search?resource_id=46b30f9b-71ca-43e1-8361-43e32c79a5d2&offset=100"}, "last_id": 1, "total": 506, "total_was_estimated": true}}