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"https://taxonomy.iadb.org/knowledgeProductsTaxonomy/afaa6857-390d-423a-820a-e25d836282d5", "labels": {"en": "Administrative Data", "es": "Datos Administrativos", "fr": "Donn\u00e9es administratives", "pt_BR": "Dados Administrativos"}}], "keyword": {"en": ["Transportation", "Roads", "Urban Mobility", "Policy", "Evidence", "Literature", "Gaps"], "es": ["Transporte", "Carreteras", "Movilidad Urbana", "Pol\u00edtica", "Evidencia", "Literatura", "Brechas"], "fr": ["Transport", "Routes", "Mobilit\u00e9 Urbaine", "Politique", "Preuves", "Litt\u00e9rature", "Lacunes"], "pt_BR": ["Transporte", "Estradas", "Mobilidade Urbana", "Pol\u00edtica", "Evid\u00eancia", "Literatura", "Lacunas"]}, "contact_point": "opendata@iadb.org", "description": {"en": "Efficient and reliable transport systems are central to economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), transport and logistics performance remains below that of advanced economies, constraining access to services, social inclusion ([Scholl et al., 2021](https://publications.iadb.org/en/transport-inclusive-development-defining-path-latin-america-and-caribbean)), competitiveness, and productivity ([Calatayud & Montes, 2021](https://publications.iadb.org/en/logistics-latin-america-and-caribbean-opportunities-challenges-and-courses-action)).\n\nThe EGM, available at https://developmentevidence.3ieimpact.org/egm/transportation-evidence-gap-map, presents global effectiveness evidence on transportation interventions, including roads, regional transportation and logistics; urban mobility infrastructure; and laws, regulations, and policies governing public transit, mobility, traffic, and transportation.\n\nFinanced and co-produced by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the EGM compiles, curates, and classifies studies that estimate causal effects, displaying where evidence is clustered and where gaps remain. It aims to help decision-makers identify the most promising approaches for improving transport systems, highlight priority areas for future research, and ultimately support evidence-informed policymaking, enhance the allocation of scarce resources, and contribute to safer, more inclusive, and more sustainable transport in LAC and beyond.\n\nKnow of any studies that could be included in this map? We invite you to share them with us using this [form](https://forms.gle/ahBJxLGpNqRB3Gok6).\n\nNote: This map includes studies published between 2005 and April 2025. Eligible studies from China\u2014mainly focused on high-speed rail\u2014are listed separately.\n\nThis Evidence Gap Map was co-produced by the Inter-American Development Bank\u2019s Transport and Knowledge and Learning Divisions, and the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie). It is part of the broader collaboration between the IDB and 3ie, formalized through a Memorandum of Understanding signed in October 2023. The authors are solely responsible for any errors or omissions.\n\nIDB project collaborators: Camilo Acosta, Leonel Borja, Agustina Calatayud, Vileydy Gonz\u00e1lez, Minji Kang, Indira Porto, Mar\u00eda Eugenia Rivas, Magdalena Rossetti, Santiago S\u00e1nchez, Gonzalo Santamar\u00eda, Valentina Sequi, and Alejandro Taddia.\n\n3ie project collaborators: Mar\u00eda Daniela Anda, Diana Bel\u00e9n C\u00f3rdova-Ar\u00e1uz, Mark Engelbert, Tomasz Kozakiewicz, and Shannon Shisler.\n\n### What the data covers\n\nInterventions fall under four domains: urban mobility infrastructure; roads, regional transportation and logistics; law, regulations and policy; and multi-component interventions. Outcomes fall under five: access and use, quality, affordability, service management, and socioeconomic results. Each domain resolves into named interventions and outcomes and, where the coding defines one, a third-level subtype. Every study records the regions and countries it examined and the income levels of those countries. Coverage is global rather than regional: on many interventions the available evidence comes from outside Latin America and the Caribbean. Studies of China, most of them on high-speed rail, are listed separately.\n\n### What it contains\n\nThe studies, separated into impact evaluations and systematic reviews, each carrying its citation, journal ranking and open-access status, the design and method used, and its coded interventions and outcomes. The authors of every study are published as their own tables, with the institution, department and country of each author's affiliation at the time of the study. The two framework hierarchies are published as tables with a description of each category. Every systematic review carries an overall confidence rating from a critical appraisal against the 3ie instrument, and the full appraisal is published as its own table. A data dictionary accompanies each group of tables, and the review protocol is published as a PDF.\n\n### How the data was collected\n\nThis is a secondary synthesis and contains no new fieldwork. Studies were identified through the search strategy, databases and inclusion and exclusion criteria set out in the review protocol, then screened and coded onto the framework that protocol defines.", "es": "Los sistemas de transporte eficientes y confiables son fundamentales para el crecimiento econ\u00f3mico, la inclusi\u00f3n social y la sostenibilidad ambiental. En Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe (ALC), el desempe\u00f1o del transporte y la log\u00edstica sigue por debajo del de las econom\u00edas avanzadas, lo que limita el acceso a los servicios, la inclusi\u00f3n social ([Scholl et al., 2021](https://publications.iadb.org/en/transport-inclusive-development-defining-path-latin-america-and-caribbean)), la competitividad y la productividad ([Calatayud & Montes, 2021](https://publications.iadb.org/en/logistics-latin-america-and-caribbean-opportunities-challenges-and-courses-action)).\n\nEl EGM, disponible en https://developmentevidence.3ieimpact.org/egm/transportation-evidence-gap-map, presenta evidencia global sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones de transporte, incluidas las carreteras, el transporte regional y la log\u00edstica; la infraestructura de movilidad urbana; y las leyes, regulaciones y pol\u00edticas que rigen el transporte p\u00fablico, la movilidad, el tr\u00e1nsito y el transporte.\n\nFinanciado y coproducido por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), el EGM recopila, depura y clasifica estudios que estiman efectos causales, y muestra d\u00f3nde se concentra la evidencia y d\u00f3nde persisten las brechas. Busca ayudar a los tomadores de decisiones a identificar los enfoques m\u00e1s prometedores para mejorar los sistemas de transporte, se\u00f1alar \u00e1reas prioritarias para la investigaci\u00f3n futura y, en \u00faltima instancia, apoyar la formulaci\u00f3n de pol\u00edticas basada en evidencia, mejorar la asignaci\u00f3n de recursos escasos y contribuir a un transporte m\u00e1s seguro, inclusivo y sostenible en ALC y en otras regiones.\n\n\u00bfConoce estudios que podr\u00edan incluirse en este mapa? Lo invitamos a compartirlos con nosotros mediante este [formulario](https://forms.gle/ahBJxLGpNqRB3Gok6).\n\nNota: Este mapa incluye estudios publicados entre 2005 y abril de 2025. Los estudios elegibles de China \u2014centrados principalmente en el tren de alta velocidad\u2014 se presentan por separado.\n\nEste Mapa de Brechas de Evidencia fue coproducido por las Divisiones de Transporte y de Conocimiento y Aprendizaje del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo y la Iniciativa Internacional para la Evaluaci\u00f3n de Impacto (3ie). Forma parte de la colaboraci\u00f3n m\u00e1s amplia entre el BID y 3ie, formalizada mediante un Memorando de Entendimiento firmado en octubre de 2023. Los autores son los \u00fanicos responsables de cualquier error u omisi\u00f3n.\n\nColaboradores del proyecto por parte del BID: Camilo Acosta, Leonel Borja, Agustina Calatayud, Vileydy Gonz\u00e1lez, Minji Kang, Indira Porto, Mar\u00eda Eugenia Rivas, Magdalena Rossetti, Santiago S\u00e1nchez, Gonzalo Santamar\u00eda, Valentina Sequi y Alejandro Taddia.\n\nColaboradores del proyecto por parte de 3ie: Mar\u00eda Daniela Anda, Diana Bel\u00e9n C\u00f3rdova-Ar\u00e1uz, Mark Engelbert, Tomasz Kozakiewicz y Shannon Shisler.\n\n### Qu\u00e9 cubren los datos\n\nLas intervenciones se agrupan en cuatro dominios: infraestructura de movilidad urbana; carreteras, transporte regional y log\u00edstica; leyes, normativa y pol\u00edticas; e intervenciones multicomponente. Los resultados se agrupan en cinco: acceso y uso, calidad, asequibilidad, gesti\u00f3n del servicio y resultados socioecon\u00f3micos. Cada dominio se desglosa en intervenciones y resultados con nombre propio y, cuando la codificaci\u00f3n lo define, en un subtipo de tercer nivel. Cada estudio registra las regiones y los pa\u00edses que examin\u00f3 y el nivel de ingreso de esos pa\u00edses. La cobertura es global y no regional: en muchas intervenciones la evidencia disponible proviene de fuera de Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe. Los estudios sobre China, en su mayor\u00eda sobre trenes de alta velocidad, se listan por separado.\n\n### Qu\u00e9 contiene\n\nLos estudios, separados en evaluaciones de impacto y revisiones sistem\u00e1ticas, cada uno con su cita, la clasificaci\u00f3n de la revista y su condici\u00f3n de acceso abierto, el dise\u00f1o y el m\u00e9todo empleados, y sus intervenciones y resultados codificados. Los autores de cada estudio se publican en tablas propias, con la instituci\u00f3n, el departamento y el pa\u00eds de la afiliaci\u00f3n de cada autor en el momento del estudio. Las dos jerarqu\u00edas del marco se publican como tablas con la descripci\u00f3n de cada categor\u00eda. Cada revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica lleva una calificaci\u00f3n general de confianza procedente de una valoraci\u00f3n cr\u00edtica frente al instrumento de 3ie, y la valoraci\u00f3n completa se publica como tabla propia. Un diccionario de datos acompa\u00f1a a cada grupo de tablas, y el protocolo de revisi\u00f3n se publica en PDF.\n\n### C\u00f3mo se recopilaron los datos\n\nSe trata de una s\u00edntesis secundaria y no contiene trabajo de campo nuevo. Los estudios se identificaron mediante la estrategia de b\u00fasqueda, las bases de datos y los criterios de inclusi\u00f3n y exclusi\u00f3n establecidos en el protocolo de revisi\u00f3n, y luego se cribaron y codificaron en el marco que ese protocolo define.", "fr": "Des syst\u00e8mes de transport efficaces et fiables sont essentiels \u00e0 la croissance \u00e9conomique, \u00e0 l'inclusion sociale et \u00e0 la durabilit\u00e9 environnementale. En Am\u00e9rique latine et dans les Cara\u00efbes (ALC), la performance du transport et de la logistique reste inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle des \u00e9conomies avanc\u00e9es, ce qui limite l'acc\u00e8s aux services, l'inclusion sociale ([Scholl et al., 2021](https://publications.iadb.org/en/transport-inclusive-development-defining-path-latin-america-and-caribbean)), la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 et la productivit\u00e9 ([Calatayud & Montes, 2021](https://publications.iadb.org/en/logistics-latin-america-and-caribbean-opportunities-challenges-and-courses-action)).\n\nL'EGM, disponible \u00e0 l'adresse https://developmentevidence.3ieimpact.org/egm/transportation-evidence-gap-map, pr\u00e9sente les donn\u00e9es probantes mondiales sur l'efficacit\u00e9 des interventions en mati\u00e8re de transport, notamment les routes, le transport r\u00e9gional et la logistique ; les infrastructures de mobilit\u00e9 urbaine ; et les lois, r\u00e9glementations et politiques qui r\u00e9gissent les transports publics, la mobilit\u00e9, la circulation et le transport.\n\nFinanc\u00e9e et coproduite par la Banque interam\u00e9ricaine de d\u00e9veloppement (BID), l'EGM recense, organise et classe les \u00e9tudes qui estiment des effets causaux, en montrant o\u00f9 les donn\u00e9es probantes se concentrent et o\u00f9 subsistent des lacunes. Elle vise \u00e0 aider les d\u00e9cideurs \u00e0 rep\u00e9rer les approches les plus prometteuses pour am\u00e9liorer les syst\u00e8mes de transport, \u00e0 mettre en \u00e9vidence les domaines prioritaires pour la recherche future et, en d\u00e9finitive, \u00e0 soutenir l'\u00e9laboration de politiques fond\u00e9es sur des donn\u00e9es probantes, \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l'allocation de ressources rares et \u00e0 contribuer \u00e0 des transports plus s\u00fbrs, plus inclusifs et plus durables en ALC et au-del\u00e0.\n\nVous connaissez des \u00e9tudes qui pourraient figurer dans cette carte ? Nous vous invitons \u00e0 nous les transmettre au moyen de ce [formulaire](https://forms.gle/ahBJxLGpNqRB3Gok6).\n\nRemarque : Cette carte comprend des \u00e9tudes publi\u00e9es entre 2005 et avril 2025. Les \u00e9tudes \u00e9ligibles portant sur la Chine \u2014 principalement consacr\u00e9es au train \u00e0 grande vitesse \u2014 sont r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es s\u00e9par\u00e9ment.\n\nCette Carte des lacunes de donn\u00e9es probantes a \u00e9t\u00e9 coproduite par les Divisions Transport et Connaissance et Apprentissage de la Banque interam\u00e9ricaine de d\u00e9veloppement et par l'Initiative internationale pour l'\u00e9valuation d'impact (3ie). Elle s'inscrit dans la collaboration plus large entre la BID et 3ie, formalis\u00e9e par un protocole d'accord sign\u00e9 en octobre 2023. Les auteurs sont seuls responsables de toute erreur ou omission.\n\nCollaborateurs du projet \u00e0 la BID : Camilo Acosta, Leonel Borja, Agustina Calatayud, Vileydy Gonz\u00e1lez, Minji Kang, Indira Porto, Mar\u00eda Eugenia Rivas, Magdalena Rossetti, Santiago S\u00e1nchez, Gonzalo Santamar\u00eda, Valentina Sequi et Alejandro Taddia.\n\nCollaborateurs du projet \u00e0 3ie : Mar\u00eda Daniela Anda, Diana Bel\u00e9n C\u00f3rdova-Ar\u00e1uz, Mark Engelbert, Tomasz Kozakiewicz et Shannon Shisler.\n\n### Ce que couvrent les donn\u00e9es\n\nLes interventions rel\u00e8vent de quatre domaines : les infrastructures de mobilit\u00e9 urbaine ; les routes, le transport r\u00e9gional et la logistique ; le droit, la r\u00e9glementation et les politiques ; et les interventions multi-composantes. Les r\u00e9sultats rel\u00e8vent de cinq domaines : l'acc\u00e8s et l'usage, la qualit\u00e9, l'accessibilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re, la gestion du service et les r\u00e9sultats socio\u00e9conomiques. Chaque domaine se d\u00e9cline en interventions et r\u00e9sultats nomm\u00e9s et, lorsque le codage en d\u00e9finit un, en un sous-type de troisi\u00e8me niveau. Chaque \u00e9tude consigne les r\u00e9gions et les pays qu'elle a examin\u00e9s et le niveau de revenu de ces pays. La couverture est mondiale et non r\u00e9gionale : pour de nombreuses interventions, les preuves disponibles proviennent de l'ext\u00e9rieur de l'Am\u00e9rique latine et des Cara\u00efbes. Les \u00e9tudes portant sur la Chine, pour la plupart sur le train \u00e0 grande vitesse, sont r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es s\u00e9par\u00e9ment.\n\n### Ce qu'elle contient\n\nLes \u00e9tudes, s\u00e9par\u00e9es en \u00e9valuations d'impact et revues syst\u00e9matiques, chacune portant sa r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, le classement de la revue et son statut de libre acc\u00e8s, le devis et la m\u00e9thode employ\u00e9s, et ses interventions et r\u00e9sultats cod\u00e9s. Les auteurs de chaque \u00e9tude sont publi\u00e9s dans des tableaux distincts, avec l'institution, le d\u00e9partement et le pays de l'affiliation de chaque auteur au moment de l'\u00e9tude. Les deux hi\u00e9rarchies du cadre sont publi\u00e9es sous forme de tableaux avec une description de chaque cat\u00e9gorie. Chaque revue syst\u00e9matique porte une note globale de confiance issue d'une \u00e9valuation critique au regard de l'instrument de 3ie, et l'\u00e9valuation compl\u00e8te est publi\u00e9e dans son propre tableau. Un dictionnaire de donn\u00e9es accompagne chaque groupe de tableaux, et le protocole de revue est publi\u00e9 en PDF.\n\n### Comment les donn\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillies\n\nIl s'agit d'une synth\u00e8se secondaire, sans nouveau travail de terrain. Les \u00e9tudes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rep\u00e9r\u00e9es au moyen de la strat\u00e9gie de recherche, des bases de donn\u00e9es et des crit\u00e8res d'inclusion et d'exclusion d\u00e9finis dans le protocole de revue, puis filtr\u00e9es et cod\u00e9es sur le cadre que ce protocole \u00e9tablit.", "pt_BR": "Sistemas de transporte eficientes e confi\u00e1veis s\u00e3o fundamentais para o crescimento econ\u00f4mico, a inclus\u00e3o social e a sustentabilidade ambiental. Na Am\u00e9rica Latina e no Caribe (ALC), o desempenho do transporte e da log\u00edstica permanece abaixo do das economias avan\u00e7adas, o que limita o acesso a servi\u00e7os, a inclus\u00e3o social ([Scholl et al., 2021](https://publications.iadb.org/en/transport-inclusive-development-defining-path-latin-america-and-caribbean)), a competitividade e a produtividade ([Calatayud & Montes, 2021](https://publications.iadb.org/en/logistics-latin-america-and-caribbean-opportunities-challenges-and-courses-action)).\n\nO EGM, dispon\u00edvel em https://developmentevidence.3ieimpact.org/egm/transportation-evidence-gap-map, apresenta evid\u00eancias globais sobre a efetividade de interven\u00e7\u00f5es de transporte, incluindo rodovias, transporte regional e log\u00edstica; infraestrutura de mobilidade urbana; e leis, regulamentos e pol\u00edticas que regem o transporte p\u00fablico, a mobilidade, o tr\u00e2nsito e o transporte.\n\nFinanciado e coproduzido pelo Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID), o EGM re\u00fane, organiza e classifica estudos que estimam efeitos causais, mostrando onde as evid\u00eancias se concentram e onde permanecem lacunas. Seu objetivo \u00e9 ajudar os tomadores de decis\u00e3o a identificar as abordagens mais promissoras para melhorar os sistemas de transporte, destacar \u00e1reas priorit\u00e1rias para pesquisas futuras e, em \u00faltima inst\u00e2ncia, apoiar a formula\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edticas baseada em evid\u00eancias, aprimorar a aloca\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos escassos e contribuir para um transporte mais seguro, inclusivo e sustent\u00e1vel na ALC e al\u00e9m.\n\nConhece estudos que poderiam ser inclu\u00eddos neste mapa? Convidamos voc\u00ea a compartilh\u00e1-los conosco por meio deste [formul\u00e1rio](https://forms.gle/ahBJxLGpNqRB3Gok6).\n\nObserva\u00e7\u00e3o: Este mapa inclui estudos publicados entre 2005 e abril de 2025. Os estudos eleg\u00edveis da China \u2014 voltados principalmente ao trem de alta velocidade \u2014 s\u00e3o listados separadamente.\n\nEste Mapa de Lacunas de Evid\u00eancias foi coproduzido pelas Divis\u00f5es de Transporte e de Conhecimento e Aprendizagem do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento e pela Iniciativa Internacional para Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de Impacto (3ie). Ele faz parte da colabora\u00e7\u00e3o mais ampla entre o BID e a 3ie, formalizada por um Memorando de Entendimento assinado em outubro de 2023. Os autores s\u00e3o os \u00fanicos respons\u00e1veis por quaisquer erros ou omiss\u00f5es.\n\nColaboradores do projeto no BID: Camilo Acosta, Leonel Borja, Agustina Calatayud, Vileydy Gonz\u00e1lez, Minji Kang, Indira Porto, Mar\u00eda Eugenia Rivas, Magdalena Rossetti, Santiago S\u00e1nchez, Gonzalo Santamar\u00eda, Valentina Sequi e Alejandro Taddia.\n\nColaboradores do projeto na 3ie: Mar\u00eda Daniela Anda, Diana Bel\u00e9n C\u00f3rdova-Ar\u00e1uz, Mark Engelbert, Tomasz Kozakiewicz e Shannon Shisler.\n\n### O que os dados abrangem\n\nAs interven\u00e7\u00f5es se agrupam em quatro dom\u00ednios: infraestrutura de mobilidade urbana; rodovias, transporte regional e log\u00edstica; leis, regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o e pol\u00edticas; e interven\u00e7\u00f5es multicomponentes. Os resultados se agrupam em cinco: acesso e uso, qualidade, acessibilidade de custo, gest\u00e3o do servi\u00e7o e resultados socioecon\u00f4micos. Cada dom\u00ednio se desdobra em interven\u00e7\u00f5es e resultados nomeados e, quando a codifica\u00e7\u00e3o define um, em um subtipo de terceiro n\u00edvel. Cada estudo registra as regi\u00f5es e os pa\u00edses que examinou e o n\u00edvel de renda desses pa\u00edses. A cobertura \u00e9 global e n\u00e3o regional: em muitas interven\u00e7\u00f5es as evid\u00eancias dispon\u00edveis v\u00eam de fora da Am\u00e9rica Latina e do Caribe. Os estudos sobre a China, em sua maioria sobre trens de alta velocidade, s\u00e3o listados separadamente.\n\n### O que cont\u00e9m\n\nOs estudos, separados em avalia\u00e7\u00f5es de impacto e revis\u00f5es sistem\u00e1ticas, cada um com sua cita\u00e7\u00e3o, a classifica\u00e7\u00e3o da revista e sua condi\u00e7\u00e3o de acesso aberto, o desenho e o m\u00e9todo empregados, e suas interven\u00e7\u00f5es e resultados codificados. Os autores de cada estudo s\u00e3o publicados em tabelas pr\u00f3prias, com a institui\u00e7\u00e3o, o departamento e o pa\u00eds da afilia\u00e7\u00e3o de cada autor no momento do estudo. As duas hierarquias do arcabou\u00e7o s\u00e3o publicadas como tabelas com a descri\u00e7\u00e3o de cada categoria. Cada revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica traz uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o geral de confian\u00e7a oriunda de uma aprecia\u00e7\u00e3o cr\u00edtica frente ao instrumento da 3ie, e a aprecia\u00e7\u00e3o completa \u00e9 publicada em tabela pr\u00f3pria. Um dicion\u00e1rio de dados acompanha cada grupo de tabelas, e o protocolo de revis\u00e3o \u00e9 publicado em PDF.\n\n### Como os dados foram coletados\n\nTrata-se de uma s\u00edntese secund\u00e1ria e n\u00e3o cont\u00e9m trabalho de campo novo. Os estudos foram identificados pela estrat\u00e9gia de busca, pelas bases de dados e pelos crit\u00e9rios de inclus\u00e3o e exclus\u00e3o estabelecidos no protocolo de revis\u00e3o, e depois triados e codificados no arcabou\u00e7o que esse protocolo define."}}}