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"Workforce and Employment", "Working Condition"], "es": ["Trabajo informal", "Mercado laboral", "Pol\u00edtica laboral", "Pensi\u00f3n no contributiva", "Pensi\u00f3n", "Gasto p\u00fablico", "Fuerza laboral y empleo", "Condiciones laborales"], "fr": ["Travail informel", "March\u00e9 du travail", "Politique du travail", "Pension non contributive", "Pension", "D\u00e9penses publiques", "Main-d'\u0153uvre et emploi", "Conditions de travail"], "pt_BR": ["Trabalho informal", "Mercado de trabalho", "Pol\u00edtica trabalhista", "Pens\u00e3o n\u00e3o contributiva", "Pens\u00e3o", "Gasto p\u00fablico", "For\u00e7a de trabalho e emprego", "Condi\u00e7\u00f5es de trabalho"]}, "contact_point": "opendata@iadb.org", "description": {"en": "This study presents new non-contributory spending data for 16 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, documenting how public resources finance benefits for workers outside social insurance. While formal salaried workers contribute to social security and receive contributory programs (mainly old-age pensions and health services), many informal workers now access similar benefits financed from general revenues.\n\n### Key Findings\n- Coverage & scope: Comparable series for 16 LAC countries using a common methodology across countries and years.  \n- Spending level: On average, LAC allocates ~1.7% of GDP to non-contributory programs.  \n- Policy context: Expansion of non-contributory benefits broadened protection where contributory data show low formal coverage.  \n- Behavioral caveat: Although targeting informal workers may create incentives for more informality, this paper does not estimate behavioral effects.\n\n### Why it matters\n- Provides the first systematic documentation of the regional \u201csubsidy to informality\u201d, enabling cross-country and over-time comparisons.  \n- Complements existing contributory data by clarifying the role and fiscal weight of non-contributory programs alongside traditional contributory programs.\n\n### What\u2019s included\n- Harmonized indicators of non-contributory social spending.  \n- Country-year series suitable for comparative analysis and policy benchmarking.", "es": "Esta investigaci\u00f3n aporta datos in\u00e9ditos de gasto no contributivo para 16 pa\u00edses de Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe y muestra c\u00f3mo los recursos p\u00fablicos sostienen beneficios para personas que quedan al margen del seguro social. Si bien quienes tienen un empleo asalariado formal cotizan a la seguridad social y acceden a programas contributivos (sobre todo pensiones de vejez y prestaciones de salud), hoy gran parte de la poblaci\u00f3n trabajadora informal recibe beneficios equivalentes sufragados con rentas generales.\n\n### Hallazgos clave\n- Cobertura y alcance: series comparables para 16 pa\u00edses construidas con una metodolog\u00eda com\u00fan entre pa\u00edses y a\u00f1os.  \n- Nivel de gasto: en promedio, la regi\u00f3n dedica cerca del 1,7 % del PIB (producto interno bruto) a programas no contributivos.  \n- Contexto de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica: estos beneficios extendieron la protecci\u00f3n donde los datos contributivos reflejan una cobertura formal reducida.  \n- Advertencia metodol\u00f3gica: aunque orientarlos hacia la informalidad podr\u00eda incentivar una mayor informalidad, el trabajo no cuantifica esos efectos de comportamiento.\n\n### Por qu\u00e9 resulta relevante\n- Constituye el primer registro sistem\u00e1tico del \u201csubsidio a la informalidad\u201d en la regi\u00f3n y habilita comparaciones entre pa\u00edses y en el tiempo.  \n- Enriquece los datos contributivos disponibles al precisar el peso fiscal de los programas no contributivos frente a los programas contributivos convencionales.\n\n### Qu\u00e9 encontrar\u00e1\n- Indicadores armonizados de gasto p\u00fablico no contributivo.  \n- Series por pa\u00eds y a\u00f1o para el an\u00e1lisis comparado y la comparaci\u00f3n de pol\u00edticas.", "fr": "Cette recherche met \u00e0 disposition des donn\u00e9es in\u00e9dites sur les d\u00e9penses non contributives pour 16 pays d\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine et des Cara\u00efbes et retrace la fa\u00e7on dont les fonds publics financent des prestations pour les personnes rest\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart de l\u2019assurance sociale. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 les salari\u00e9s du secteur formel cotisent \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de programmes contributifs (surtout des pensions de vieillesse et des services de sant\u00e9), une large part des travailleurs informels per\u00e7oit aujourd\u2019hui des prestations comparables couvertes par les recettes g\u00e9n\u00e9rales.\n\n### Principaux constats\n- Couverture et port\u00e9e : des s\u00e9ries comparables pour 16 pays, \u00e9tablies selon une m\u00e9thodologie commune d\u2019un pays et d\u2019une ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019autre.  \n- Niveau de d\u00e9penses : en moyenne, la r\u00e9gion affecte environ 1,7 % du PIB (produit int\u00e9rieur brut) aux programmes non contributifs.  \n- Politiques publiques : ces prestations ont renforc\u00e9 la protection l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les donn\u00e9es contributives montrent une faible couverture formelle.  \n- R\u00e9serve m\u00e9thodologique : m\u00eame si les cibler peut encourager un surcro\u00eet d\u2019informalit\u00e9, cette \u00e9tude ne chiffre pas ces effets de comportement.\n\n### En quoi cela compte\n- Premier inventaire syst\u00e9matique de la \u00ab subvention \u00e0 l\u2019informalit\u00e9 \u00bb r\u00e9gionale, il ouvre la voie aux comparaisons entre pays et dans le temps.  \n- Il enrichit les donn\u00e9es contributives en pr\u00e9cisant le poids budg\u00e9taire des programmes non contributifs face aux programmes contributifs classiques.\n\n### Contenu disponible\n- Des indicateurs harmonis\u00e9s de d\u00e9penses publiques non contributives.  \n- Des s\u00e9ries par pays et par ann\u00e9e pour l\u2019analyse comparative et l\u2019\u00e9talonnage des politiques.", "pt_BR": "Este trabalho disponibiliza dados in\u00e9ditos de gasto n\u00e3o contributivo para 16 pa\u00edses da Am\u00e9rica Latina e o Caribe, mostrando como os recursos p\u00fablicos custeiam benef\u00edcios para quem est\u00e1 fora do seguro social. Enquanto quem tem emprego assalariado formal contribui para a previd\u00eancia social e acessa programas contributivos (sobretudo pens\u00f5es de velhice e servi\u00e7os de sa\u00fade), boa parte dos trabalhadores informais hoje recebe benef\u00edcios equivalentes bancados por receitas gerais.\n\n### Principais achados\n- Cobertura e alcance: s\u00e9ries compar\u00e1veis para 16 pa\u00edses da regi\u00e3o, constru\u00eddas com uma metodologia comum ao longo de pa\u00edses e anos.  \n- N\u00edvel de gasto: em m\u00e9dia, a regi\u00e3o aloca cerca de 1,7% do PIB (produto interno bruto) em programas n\u00e3o contributivos.  \n- Contexto de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica: a amplia\u00e7\u00e3o desses benef\u00edcios estendeu a prote\u00e7\u00e3o justamente onde os dados contributivos apontam baixa cobertura formal.  \n- Ressalva metodol\u00f3gica: ainda que mirar os trabalhadores informais possa estimular mais informalidade, este documento n\u00e3o mensura tais efeitos de comportamento.\n\n### Por que isso importa\n- \u00c9 o primeiro mapeamento sistem\u00e1tico do chamado \u201csubs\u00eddio \u00e0 informalidade\u201d na regi\u00e3o, viabilizando compara\u00e7\u00f5es entre pa\u00edses e ao longo do tempo.  \n- Complementa os dados contributivos j\u00e1 existentes ao esclarecer o papel e o peso fiscal dos programas n\u00e3o contributivos diante dos programas contributivos tradicionais.\n\n### O que voc\u00ea encontra\n- Indicadores harmonizados de gasto p\u00fablico n\u00e3o contributivo.  \n- S\u00e9ries por pa\u00eds e ano voltadas \u00e0 an\u00e1lise comparada e \u00e0 compara\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edticas."}}}