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"label": {"en": "United States", "es": "Estados Unidos", "fr": "\u00c9tats-Unis", "pt_BR": "Estados Unidos"}, "uri": "https://sws.geonames.org/6252001"}, {"bbox": "", "centroid": "", "geom": "", "label": {"en": "Uruguay", "es": "Uruguay", "fr": "Uruguay", "pt_BR": "Uruguai"}, "uri": "https://sws.geonames.org/3439705"}, {"bbox": "", "centroid": "", "geom": "", "label": {"en": "Vanuatu", "es": "Vanuatu", "fr": "Vanuatu", "pt_BR": "Vanuatu"}, "uri": "https://sws.geonames.org/2134431"}, {"bbox": "", "centroid": "", "geom": "", "label": {"en": "Venezuela", "es": "Venezuela", "fr": "Venezuela", "pt_BR": "Venezuela"}, "uri": "https://sws.geonames.org/3625428"}, {"bbox": "", "centroid": "", "geom": "", "label": {"en": "Zambia", "es": "Zambia", "fr": "Zambie", "pt_BR": "Z\u00e2mbia"}, "uri": "https://sws.geonames.org/895949"}, {"bbox": "", "centroid": "", "geom": "", "label": {"en": "Zimbabwe", "es": "Zimbabue", "fr": "Zimbabwe", "pt_BR": "Zimb\u00e1bue"}, "uri": "https://sws.geonames.org/878675"}], "groups": [], "relationships_as_subject": [], "relationships_as_object": [], "doi": "10.60966/xyzo37qh", "doi_status": true, "domain": "https://data.iadb.org", "doi_date_published": "2025-03-08", "doi_publisher": "IADB", "data_collection_type": [{"uri": "https://taxonomy.iadb.org/knowledgeProductsTaxonomy/afaa6857-390d-423a-820a-e25d836282d5", "labels": {"en": "Administrative Data", "es": "Datos Administrativos", "fr": "Donn\u00e9es administratives", "pt_BR": "Dados Administrativos"}}], "keyword": {"en": ["Integration and Trade"], "es": ["Integraci\u00f3n y comercio"], "fr": ["Int\u00e9gration et commerce"], "pt_BR": ["Integra\u00e7\u00e3o e Com\u00e9rcio"]}, "contact_point": "opendata@iadb.org", "description": {"en": "This dataset provides macro bilateral trade data spanning 1960-1990, assembled to support research on the relationship between trade intensity and business cycle synchronization. It is the data companion to the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) study *Trade Intensity and Business Cycle Synchronization*, and includes the underlying database alongside the paper's appendices and supporting tables.\n\n### Topic and context\n\nA long-standing question in international economics is whether closer trade ties lead countries' economic cycles to move more closely together. Greater bilateral trade integration can transmit demand and supply shocks across borders, potentially synchronizing booms and recessions\u2014an issue with direct implications for regional integration, monetary cooperation, and the design of trade policy. This dataset was created to make that relationship empirically tractable by pairing bilateral trade flows with the information needed to study co-movement of business cycles across countries.\n\n### What the resources contain\n\nThe dataset brings together the bilateral trade database used in the analysis (in spreadsheet form) together with the study's appendix tables and documentation. The accompanying paper materials describe the data construction, definitions, and the empirical approach, so that the figures and tables reported in the research can be reproduced and extended. The resources are provided as spreadsheet (XLS) and document (DOC) files.\n\n### Intended uses\n\nEconomists, researchers, and graduate students working on international trade, regional integration, and macroeconomic co-movement can use the dataset to replicate the original results, benchmark new estimates, or build on the bilateral trade series for related questions. Its broad cross-country scope makes it suitable for comparative and panel analyses of trade and the business cycle.\n\n### Access and citation\n\nThe dataset is openly available through IDB Open Data under a Creative Commons Attribution\u2013NonCommercial\u2013NoDerivs 3.0 IGO license. Users are asked to cite the dataset and its DOI when reusing the data.", "es": "Este conjunto de datos ofrece datos macroecon\u00f3micos de comercio bilateral del periodo 1960-1990, recopilados para sustentar la investigaci\u00f3n sobre el v\u00ednculo entre la intensidad del comercio y la sincronizaci\u00f3n del ciclo econ\u00f3mico. Funciona como complemento de datos del estudio del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) *Intensidad Comercial y Sincronizaci\u00f3n del Ciclo Econ\u00f3mico* y abarca la base de datos de origen junto con los ap\u00e9ndices y las tablas de apoyo del documento.\n\n### Tema y contexto\n\nDesde hace tiempo la econom\u00eda internacional se pregunta si unos lazos comerciales m\u00e1s estrechos llevan a que los ciclos econ\u00f3micos de los pa\u00edses se muevan de manera m\u00e1s acompasada. Al estrecharse el comercio bilateral, los choques de oferta y de demanda pueden propagarse de un pa\u00eds a otro y sincronizar as\u00ed las fases de auge y de recesi\u00f3n, algo que repercute de lleno en la integraci\u00f3n regional, la cooperaci\u00f3n monetaria y el dise\u00f1o de la pol\u00edtica comercial. El conjunto se elabor\u00f3 precisamente para volcar esa relaci\u00f3n a la evidencia emp\u00edrica, emparejando los flujos de comercio bilateral con los insumos necesarios para estudiar el comovimiento de los ciclos econ\u00f3micos entre pa\u00edses.\n\n### Qu\u00e9 incluyen los recursos\n\nEl conjunto agrupa la base de datos de comercio bilateral empleada en el an\u00e1lisis (en hoja de c\u00e1lculo) junto con las tablas de ap\u00e9ndice y la documentaci\u00f3n del estudio. Los materiales que lo acompa\u00f1an detallan c\u00f3mo se construyeron los datos, las definiciones utilizadas y el planteamiento emp\u00edrico, de modo que las figuras y tablas del trabajo puedan reproducirse y ampliarse. Los recursos vienen en archivos de hoja de c\u00e1lculo (XLS) y de documento (DOC).\n\n### Para qu\u00e9 sirve\n\nEconomistas, personal investigador y estudiantes de posgrado dedicados al comercio internacional, la integraci\u00f3n regional y el comovimiento macroecon\u00f3mico pueden recurrir a este conjunto para replicar los resultados originales, contrastar nuevas estimaciones o apoyarse en las series de comercio bilateral para abordar preguntas afines. Su amplia cobertura entre pa\u00edses lo hace id\u00f3neo para estudios comparativos y de panel sobre el comercio y el ciclo econ\u00f3mico.\n\n### Acceso y c\u00f3mo citar\n\nEl conjunto de datos se consulta libremente en Datos Abiertos del BID bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribuci\u00f3n\u2013NoComercial\u2013SinObraDerivada 3.0 IGO. Al reutilizar la informaci\u00f3n, se pide citar el conjunto de datos junto con su DOI.", "fr": "Ce jeu de donn\u00e9es r\u00e9unit des donn\u00e9es macro\u00e9conomiques de commerce bilat\u00e9ral pour les ann\u00e9es 1960 \u00e0 1990, rassembl\u00e9es afin d'\u00e9clairer la recherche sur le lien entre l'intensit\u00e9 des \u00e9changes et la synchronisation du cycle \u00e9conomique. Il fait office de compl\u00e9ment de donn\u00e9es de l'\u00e9tude de la Banque interam\u00e9ricaine de d\u00e9veloppement (BID) *Intensit\u00e9 commerciale et synchronisation du cycle \u00e9conomique* et comprend la base de donn\u00e9es d'origine ainsi que les annexes et tableaux d'appui du document.\n\n### Th\u00e8me et contexte\n\nL'\u00e9conomie internationale s'interroge de longue date : des liens commerciaux resserr\u00e9s am\u00e8nent-ils les cycles \u00e9conomiques des pays \u00e0 \u00e9voluer plus en phase ? Lorsque les \u00e9changes bilat\u00e9raux s'intensifient, les chocs d'offre et de demande peuvent se propager d'un pays \u00e0 l'autre et synchroniser ainsi les phases d'expansion et de r\u00e9cession \u2014 ce qui touche directement \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration r\u00e9gionale, \u00e0 la coop\u00e9ration mon\u00e9taire et \u00e0 la conception de la politique commerciale. Ce jeu de donn\u00e9es a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e9t\u00e9 constitu\u00e9 pour rendre cette relation mesurable, en mettant en regard les flux commerciaux bilat\u00e9raux et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude du comouvement des cycles \u00e9conomiques entre pays.\n\n### Ce que renferment les ressources\n\nLe jeu de donn\u00e9es rassemble la base de donn\u00e9es de commerce bilat\u00e9ral mobilis\u00e9e dans l'analyse (sous forme de feuille de calcul) ainsi que les tableaux d'annexe et la documentation de l'\u00e9tude. Les documents qui l'accompagnent exposent la construction des donn\u00e9es, les d\u00e9finitions retenues et la d\u00e9marche empirique, afin que les figures et tableaux du travail puissent \u00eatre reproduits et prolong\u00e9s. Les ressources se pr\u00e9sentent sous forme de fichiers de feuille de calcul (XLS) et de document (DOC).\n\n### \u00c0 quoi sert ce jeu de donn\u00e9es\n\n\u00c9conomistes, chercheurs et doctorants travaillant sur le commerce international, l'int\u00e9gration r\u00e9gionale et le comouvement macro\u00e9conomique peuvent s'en servir pour reproduire les r\u00e9sultats d'origine, confronter de nouvelles estimations ou prolonger les s\u00e9ries de commerce bilat\u00e9ral sur des questions voisines. Sa large couverture entre pays le rend adapt\u00e9 aux analyses comparatives et de panel sur le commerce et le cycle \u00e9conomique.\n\n### Acc\u00e8s et citation\n\nLe jeu de donn\u00e9es est consultable librement sur les Donn\u00e9es ouvertes de la BID sous une licence Creative Commons Attribution\u2013Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale\u2013Pas de Modification 3.0 IGO. Lors de toute r\u00e9utilisation, il est demand\u00e9 de citer le jeu de donn\u00e9es ainsi que son DOI.", "pt_BR": "Este conjunto de dados re\u00fane dados macroecon\u00f4micos de com\u00e9rcio bilateral do per\u00edodo 1960-1990, compilados para subsidiar a pesquisa sobre a liga\u00e7\u00e3o entre a intensidade do com\u00e9rcio e a sincroniza\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo econ\u00f4mico. Serve como complemento de dados do estudo do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID) *Intensidade Comercial e Sincroniza\u00e7\u00e3o do Ciclo Econ\u00f4mico* e abrange a base de dados de origem junto com os ap\u00eandices e tabelas de apoio do documento.\n\n### Tema e contexto\n\nH\u00e1 tempos a economia internacional se pergunta se la\u00e7os comerciais mais estreitos levam os ciclos econ\u00f4micos dos pa\u00edses a se moverem de modo mais acompassado. Quando o com\u00e9rcio bilateral se intensifica, choques de oferta e de demanda podem se propagar de um pa\u00eds a outro e, com isso, sincronizar as fases de expans\u00e3o e de recess\u00e3o, algo que repercute diretamente na integra\u00e7\u00e3o regional, na coopera\u00e7\u00e3o monet\u00e1ria e no desenho da pol\u00edtica comercial. O conjunto foi montado justamente para levar essa rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao terreno da evid\u00eancia emp\u00edrica, casando os fluxos de com\u00e9rcio bilateral com os insumos necess\u00e1rios para estudar o comovimento dos ciclos econ\u00f4micos entre pa\u00edses.\n\n### O que os recursos trazem\n\nO conjunto agrupa a base de dados de com\u00e9rcio bilateral usada na an\u00e1lise (em planilha) junto com as tabelas de ap\u00eandice e a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o do estudo. Os materiais que o acompanham detalham como os dados foram constru\u00eddos, as defini\u00e7\u00f5es adotadas e a abordagem emp\u00edrica, de modo que as figuras e tabelas do trabalho possam ser reproduzidas e ampliadas. Os recursos v\u00eam em arquivos de planilha (XLS) e de documento (DOC).\n\n### Para que serve\n\nEconomistas, pesquisadores e estudantes de p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o dedicados ao com\u00e9rcio internacional, \u00e0 integra\u00e7\u00e3o regional e ao comovimento macroecon\u00f4mico podem recorrer ao conjunto para replicar os resultados originais, confrontar novas estimativas ou apoiar-se nas s\u00e9ries de com\u00e9rcio bilateral em quest\u00f5es correlatas. Sua ampla cobertura entre pa\u00edses o torna adequado para estudos comparativos e de painel sobre o com\u00e9rcio e o ciclo econ\u00f4mico.\n\n### Acesso e cita\u00e7\u00e3o\n\nO conjunto de dados pode ser consultado livremente nos Dados Abertos do BID sob uma licen\u00e7a Creative Commons Atribui\u00e7\u00e3o\u2013N\u00e3oComercial\u2013SemDeriva\u00e7\u00f5es 3.0 IGO. Ao reaproveitar a informa\u00e7\u00e3o, pede-se citar o conjunto de dados e seu DOI."}}}