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"relationships_as_subject": [], "relationships_as_object": [], "doi": "10.60966/0p2k3j0u", "doi_status": true, "domain": "https://data.iadb.org", "doi_date_published": "2025-03-08", "doi_publisher": "IADB", "data_collection_type": [{"uri": "https://taxonomy.iadb.org/knowledgeProductsTaxonomy/afaa6857-390d-423a-820a-e25d836282d5", "labels": {"en": "Administrative Data", "es": "Datos Administrativos", "fr": "Donn\u00e9es administratives", "pt_BR": "Dados Administrativos"}}], "keyword": {"en": ["Public Debt"], "es": ["Deuda p\u00fablica"], "fr": ["Dette publique"], "pt_BR": ["D\u00edvida p\u00fablica"]}, "contact_point": "opendata@iadb.org", "description": {"en": "### Overview\n\n*Public Debt around the World: A New Dataset of Central Government Debt: 1970-2005* assembles internationally comparable series on the level of central government debt. It was created to address a long-standing problem in public-finance research: commonly used datasets on public debt offer incomplete country and period coverage, which limits cross-country and long-run analysis. This dataset responds with broader and more complete coverage.\n\nThe accompanying paper presents complete series of central government debt for 89 countries over the 1991-2005 period, and for seven additional countries over the 1993-2005 period. The result is a wide cross-section of economies \u2014 spanning Latin America and the Caribbean alongside countries from every other region \u2014 that supports comparative work on sovereign indebtedness.\n\n### Why central government debt matters\n\nThe level and composition of public debt are central to macroeconomic and fiscal analysis: they shape a government's vulnerability to shocks, its borrowing costs, and its room for counter-cyclical policy. A recurring concern in the Inter-American Development Bank's (IDB) research has been the quality and comparability of debt statistics, since gaps and inconsistencies across sources make it hard to compare countries or track debt dynamics over time. By providing more complete series, this dataset helps researchers and policymakers analyze debt levels on a consistent basis.\n\n### What the data contain\n\nThe dataset is distributed as a knowledge product of the IDB and includes the public-debt data in spreadsheet and machine-readable formats (XLS, CSV and Stata `.dta`), a data dictionary describing the variables, a README, and supporting documentation. Together these resources let users move directly from the raw series to comparative analysis.\n\n### Intended uses\n\nThe data support cross-country and historical analysis of public debt, macroeconomic and fiscal research, teaching, and policy work on debt sustainability. Access is open under the dataset's Creative Commons license; review the license terms and cite the dataset when reusing it (see the citation below).", "es": "### Panorama general\n\nLa deuda p\u00fablica es un eje central de cualquier diagn\u00f3stico fiscal, y este conjunto de datos \u2014*Public Debt around the World: A New Dataset of Central Government Debt: 1970-2005*\u2014 re\u00fane series de deuda del gobierno central comparables a escala internacional. Naci\u00f3 para resolver una limitaci\u00f3n que arrastra desde hace tiempo la investigaci\u00f3n en finanzas p\u00fablicas: las fuentes habituales sobre deuda p\u00fablica cubren pa\u00edses y per\u00edodos de forma fragmentaria, lo que dificulta tanto las comparaciones entre pa\u00edses como el an\u00e1lisis de largo plazo. Aqu\u00ed la cobertura es m\u00e1s amplia y m\u00e1s completa.\n\nEl documento que acompa\u00f1a a los datos ofrece series completas de deuda del gobierno central para 89 pa\u00edses entre 1991 y 2005, y para otros siete pa\u00edses entre 1993 y 2005. De ah\u00ed surge un corte transversal muy extenso de econom\u00edas \u2014Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe junto a pa\u00edses de todas las dem\u00e1s regiones\u2014 pensado para el trabajo comparativo sobre endeudamiento soberano.\n\n### Por qu\u00e9 importa la deuda del gobierno central\n\nEl nivel y la composici\u00f3n de la deuda p\u00fablica condicionan el an\u00e1lisis macroecon\u00f3mico y fiscal: marcan qu\u00e9 tan expuesto est\u00e1 un gobierno a los choques, cu\u00e1nto le cuesta endeudarse y cu\u00e1nto margen tiene para una pol\u00edtica contrac\u00edclica. En la investigaci\u00f3n del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), la calidad y la comparabilidad de las estad\u00edsticas de deuda han sido una inquietud constante, porque las lagunas y discrepancias entre fuentes complican comparar pa\u00edses o seguir la din\u00e1mica de la deuda en el tiempo. Con series m\u00e1s completas, este conjunto de datos permite a investigadores y responsables de pol\u00edticas estudiar los niveles de deuda sobre bases homog\u00e9neas.\n\n### Qu\u00e9 contienen los datos\n\nDifundido como producto de conocimiento del BID, el conjunto de datos entrega la informaci\u00f3n de deuda p\u00fablica en formatos de hoja de c\u00e1lculo y de lectura autom\u00e1tica (XLS, CSV y Stata `.dta`), acompa\u00f1ada de un diccionario de variables, un archivo README y documentaci\u00f3n de respaldo. Con ese material se pasa sin escalas de las series originales al an\u00e1lisis comparativo.\n\n### Usos previstos\n\nLos datos sirven para el an\u00e1lisis hist\u00f3rico y entre pa\u00edses de la deuda p\u00fablica, la investigaci\u00f3n macroecon\u00f3mica y fiscal, la ense\u00f1anza y el trabajo de pol\u00edticas sobre sostenibilidad de la deuda. El acceso es abierto bajo la licencia Creative Commons del conjunto de datos; conviene revisar sus t\u00e9rminos y citar la fuente al reutilizarla (v\u00e9ase la cita m\u00e1s abajo).", "fr": "### Pr\u00e9sentation\n\n*Public Debt around the World: A New Dataset of Central Government Debt: 1970-2005* rassemble des s\u00e9ries comparables au niveau international portant sur le niveau de la dette du gouvernement central. Sa raison d'\u00eatre : combler une lacune ancienne de la recherche en finances publiques, o\u00f9 les jeux de donn\u00e9es usuels sur la dette publique ne couvrent qu'imparfaitement les pays et les p\u00e9riodes, ce qui bride aussi bien la comparaison entre pays que l'analyse de long terme. Ce jeu de donn\u00e9es offre, lui, une couverture plus \u00e9tendue et plus compl\u00e8te.\n\nLe document qui l'accompagne livre des s\u00e9ries compl\u00e8tes de dette du gouvernement central pour 89 pays entre 1991 et 2005, ainsi que pour sept pays suppl\u00e9mentaires entre 1993 et 2005. On obtient ainsi une coupe transversale tr\u00e8s large d'\u00e9conomies \u2014 l'Am\u00e9rique latine et les Cara\u00efbes c\u00f4toyant des pays de toutes les autres r\u00e9gions \u2014 propice aux travaux comparatifs sur l'endettement souverain.\n\n### L'enjeu de la dette du gouvernement central\n\nLe niveau et la composition de la dette publique structurent l'analyse macro\u00e9conomique et budg\u00e9taire : ils conditionnent la sensibilit\u00e9 d'un \u00c9tat aux chocs, le co\u00fbt de ses emprunts et sa marge pour mener une politique contracyclique. Au sein de la Banque Interam\u00e9ricaine de D\u00e9veloppement (BID), la qualit\u00e9 et la comparabilit\u00e9 des statistiques de dette ont constitu\u00e9 une pr\u00e9occupation persistante, car les manques et les \u00e9carts entre sources rendent malais\u00e9e la comparaison entre pays ou le suivi de la dette dans la dur\u00e9e. En proposant des s\u00e9ries plus compl\u00e8tes, ce jeu de donn\u00e9es aide chercheurs et d\u00e9cideurs \u00e0 examiner les niveaux de dette sur une base homog\u00e8ne.\n\n### Contenu des donn\u00e9es\n\nDiffus\u00e9 comme produit de connaissance de la BID, le jeu de donn\u00e9es r\u00e9unit les donn\u00e9es de dette publique dans des formats tableur et exploitables par machine (XLS, CSV et Stata `.dta`), un dictionnaire d\u00e9crivant les variables, un fichier README et une documentation d'appui. Cet ensemble permet de passer sans d\u00e9tour des s\u00e9ries brutes \u00e0 l'analyse comparative.\n\n### Utilisations pr\u00e9vues\n\nLes donn\u00e9es se pr\u00eatent \u00e0 l'analyse historique et transnationale de la dette publique, \u00e0 la recherche macro\u00e9conomique et budg\u00e9taire, \u00e0 l'enseignement et aux travaux d'orientation sur la soutenabilit\u00e9 de la dette. L'acc\u00e8s est ouvert sous la licence Creative Commons du jeu de donn\u00e9es ; il convient d'en consulter les conditions et de citer la source en cas de r\u00e9utilisation (voir la citation ci-dessous).", "pt_BR": "### Vis\u00e3o geral\n\nReunir s\u00e9ries de d\u00edvida p\u00fablica compar\u00e1veis entre pa\u00edses foi o ponto de partida de *Public Debt around the World: A New Dataset of Central Government Debt: 1970-2005*, que organiza informa\u00e7\u00f5es internacionalmente compar\u00e1veis sobre o n\u00edvel da d\u00edvida do governo central. O projeto surgiu para superar um obst\u00e1culo antigo na pesquisa de finan\u00e7as p\u00fablicas: as bases mais usadas sobre d\u00edvida p\u00fablica cobrem pa\u00edses e per\u00edodos de modo parcial, o que restringe tanto a compara\u00e7\u00e3o entre pa\u00edses quanto a an\u00e1lise de longo prazo. Aqui, a cobertura \u00e9 mais ampla e mais completa.\n\nO documento que acompanha os dados traz s\u00e9ries completas da d\u00edvida do governo central para 89 pa\u00edses entre 1991 e 2005 e para outros sete pa\u00edses entre 1993 e 2005. O resultado \u00e9 um corte transversal bastante extenso de economias \u2014 a Am\u00e9rica Latina e o Caribe ao lado de pa\u00edses de todas as demais regi\u00f5es \u2014 voltado ao trabalho comparativo sobre endividamento soberano.\n\n### Por que a d\u00edvida do governo central importa\n\nO n\u00edvel e a composi\u00e7\u00e3o da d\u00edvida p\u00fablica s\u00e3o decisivos na an\u00e1lise macroecon\u00f4mica e fiscal: definem o quanto um governo est\u00e1 vulner\u00e1vel a choques, quanto custa se endividar e qual o espa\u00e7o para uma pol\u00edtica antic\u00edclica. Na pesquisa do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID), a qualidade e a comparabilidade das estat\u00edsticas de d\u00edvida sempre foram uma preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o, pois lacunas e diverg\u00eancias entre fontes dificultam comparar pa\u00edses ou acompanhar a trajet\u00f3ria da d\u00edvida no tempo. Com s\u00e9ries mais completas, este conjunto de dados permite que pesquisadores e formuladores de pol\u00edticas examinem os n\u00edveis de d\u00edvida em bases consistentes.\n\n### O que os dados cont\u00eam\n\nDistribu\u00eddo como produto de conhecimento do BID, o conjunto de dados disponibiliza as informa\u00e7\u00f5es de d\u00edvida p\u00fablica em formatos de planilha e de leitura autom\u00e1tica (XLS, CSV e Stata `.dta`), com um dicion\u00e1rio de vari\u00e1veis, um arquivo README e documenta\u00e7\u00e3o de apoio. Esse material liga diretamente as s\u00e9ries originais \u00e0 an\u00e1lise comparativa.\n\n### Usos pretendidos\n\nOs dados servem \u00e0 an\u00e1lise hist\u00f3rica e entre pa\u00edses da d\u00edvida p\u00fablica, \u00e0 pesquisa macroecon\u00f4mica e fiscal, ao ensino e ao trabalho de pol\u00edticas sobre sustentabilidade da d\u00edvida. O acesso \u00e9 aberto sob a licen\u00e7a Creative Commons do conjunto de dados; vale revisar seus termos e citar a fonte ao reutiliz\u00e1-la (veja a cita\u00e7\u00e3o abaixo)."}}}