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{"en": ["Energy Distribution", "Rural Development", "Rural Electrification"], "es": ["Distribuci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda", "Desarrollo rural", "Electrificaci\u00f3n rural"], "fr": ["Distribution d\u2019\u00e9nergie", "D\u00e9veloppement rural", "\u00c9lectrification rurale"], "pt_BR": ["Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de Energia", "Desenvolvimento Rural", "Eletrifica\u00e7\u00e3o Rural"]}, "contact_point": "opendata@iadb.org", "description": {"en": "What do we know about the effects of improved access to electricity? Does the research tell a unified story? To answer these questions, this brief examines 50 impact evaluation studies, focusing on the effects of electrification on education, labor, and income indicators. Overall, the literature finds substantial welfare gains, which tend to be greatest for women and small firms. On average, electrification leads increases of around 7% in school enrollment, 25% in employment, and 30% in incomes. However, the estimates vary widely, with many studies finding no effects, indicating weak links in the empirical literature. This review suggests that addressing the sources of such variance could be a means to fill the persistent knowledge gaps and to improve the effectiveness of electrification policies.", "es": "\u00bfQu\u00e9 se sabe realmente sobre lo que ocurre cuando mejora el acceso a la electricidad? \u00bfApuntan los estudios en una misma direcci\u00f3n? Para indagar en ello, este informe repasa 50 evaluaciones de impacto y se detiene en c\u00f3mo incide la electrificaci\u00f3n en los indicadores de educaci\u00f3n, trabajo e ingresos. En conjunto, la evidencia revela mejoras de bienestar considerables, sobre todo entre las mujeres y los peque\u00f1os negocios: en promedio, la llegada de la electricidad se asocia con subidas cercanas al 7% en la matr\u00edcula escolar, al 25% en el empleo y al 30% en los ingresos. Ahora bien, los resultados oscilan mucho y no pocos estudios no detectan efecto alguno, lo que delata v\u00ednculos fr\u00e1giles en la literatura. La revisi\u00f3n plantea que comprender el origen de esa dispersi\u00f3n ser\u00eda una v\u00eda para cerrar los vac\u00edos de conocimiento que persisten y para que las pol\u00edticas de electrificaci\u00f3n rindan m\u00e1s.", "fr": "Que sait-on r\u00e9ellement de ce qui se produit lorsque l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 s'am\u00e9liore ? Les travaux pointent-ils dans le m\u00eame sens ? Pour le d\u00e9terminer, cette note passe en revue 50 \u00e9valuations d'impact et s'attarde sur la fa\u00e7on dont l'\u00e9lectrification agit sur les indicateurs d'\u00e9ducation, d'emploi et de revenus. Globalement, les donn\u00e9es font appara\u00eetre des gains de bien-\u00eatre notables, plus marqu\u00e9s encore pour les femmes et les petites entreprises : en moyenne, l'arriv\u00e9e de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 s'accompagne de hausses de l'ordre de 7% de la scolarisation, de 25% de l'emploi et de 30% des revenus. Les r\u00e9sultats restent toutefois tr\u00e8s dispers\u00e9s, et bon nombre d'\u00e9tudes ne d\u00e9c\u00e8lent aucun effet, signe de liens fragiles dans la litt\u00e9rature. La revue sugg\u00e8re que cerner l'origine de cette variabilit\u00e9 permettrait de combler les lacunes persistantes des connaissances et de rendre les politiques d'\u00e9lectrification plus efficaces.", "pt_BR": "O que de fato se sabe sobre o que acontece quando o acesso \u00e0 eletricidade melhora? Os estudos apontam na mesma dire\u00e7\u00e3o? Para investigar isso, este resumo revisa 50 avalia\u00e7\u00f5es de impacto e det\u00e9m-se em como a eletrifica\u00e7\u00e3o influencia os indicadores de educa\u00e7\u00e3o, trabalho e renda. No conjunto, as evid\u00eancias revelam ganhos de bem-estar expressivos, com destaque para mulheres e pequenos neg\u00f3cios: em m\u00e9dia, a chegada da eletricidade est\u00e1 associada a altas pr\u00f3ximas de 7% na matr\u00edcula escolar, 25% no emprego e 30% na renda. Os resultados, contudo, variam bastante e diversos estudos n\u00e3o identificam efeito algum, o que denota v\u00ednculos fr\u00e1geis na literatura. A revis\u00e3o sugere que entender a origem dessa dispers\u00e3o seria um caminho para fechar as lacunas de conhecimento que persistem e tornar mais eficazes as pol\u00edticas de eletrifica\u00e7\u00e3o."}}}